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Addressing Microplastic Pollution from Textile Washing: Research and Innovative Solutions

Learn about the impact of microplastics from textile washing on oceans and how new additives and textile finishing treatments can mitigate this pollution. Explore the evaluation of various synthetic fabrics and the effectiveness of different washing processes in reducing fiber release.

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Addressing Microplastic Pollution from Textile Washing: Research and Innovative Solutions

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  1. Il problema delle microplastiche derivanti dai lavaggi di capi tessili: RICERCA E NUOVE SOLUZIONI R. Mossotti, A. Montarsolo, S. Gavignano, A. Patrucco, M. Zoccola, C. Tonin ISMAC 2017: giornata di studio e condivisione delle attività 8 marzo 2017, Città Studi - Biella

  2. Plastic & Oceans It is estimated that the global plastic production is almost 250 mln tons/year, and it is still increasing by 10% per year. Microplastics are particularly worrying because water treatment plants do not take them into account in their management processes and they are deposited in waterways and sewage sludge. The main mechanisms responsible for the degradation of plastics in the marine environment are light-induced degradation and biodegradation. These processes are retarded in seawater due to lower temperatures and lower oxygen concentrations. Microplastics can easily absorb Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and they can be ingested by marine biota and in particular by “filter feeders”.

  3. Where do microplastics in the ocean come from? Microplastics: Plastic fragments typically smaller than 5 mm European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC) Primary Microplastics: purposefully manufactured to have a microscopic size & Secondary Microplastics : Produced during degradation of larger plastic items, under environmental conditions.

  4. Expected fiber growth until 2030(source: www.textileworld.com/textile-world/fiber-world/2015/ Average world consumption 2014: 11.4 kg per capita Overall growth will be supported by the continued replacement of natural fibers by cheaper, better performing man-made alternatives in many market applications. 4

  5. (source: Oerlikon, The Fiber Year 2015) Polyester is by far the most important textile fibre. Application of nylon in apparel and domestic uses has been gradually replaced by polyester blends. Nylon world share has fallen drastically from 23% in the early 1980s to the recent 8% of all chemical fibers production. 5

  6. LIFE13 ENV/IT/001069 Mitigation of microplastics impact caused by textile washing processes Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB) Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC)

  7. TREND IN MICROFIBRES RELEASE ON SIMULATED INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASHINGS INDUSTRIAL WASHING DOMESTIC WASHING Linitest Equipment Standard Synthetic Fabric • OPERATIVE CONDITIONS • Temperature: 40°, 60°, 75°, 90 °C • Time: 45, 60 min • Balls:0,10,20, 25 • Distilled and hard water • Several detergents, additives, softner

  8. 0,5 fibers in this field MICROFIBERS IDENTIFICATION AND COUNT BY SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) The SEM observation method was borrowed by an analytical protocol for asbestos STATISTICAL METHOD: 80 fields at 250X (magnification) • count 1 for each fiber entirely included in the field • count 0,5 for each fiber partially included in the field • count 0 for each fiber crossing the whole field Evento LIFE13ENV/IT/001069 MERMAIDS, Biella 12 marzo 2015

  9. SEM IMAGES OF FIBERS FRAGMENTS COLLECTED ON FILTERS

  10. RESULTS • The results of SEM counting range from hundreds to thousands of fibers released per gram of fabric tested. However, some factors can affect the amount of fibers released: • Washing conditions: T, detergent form, Active Oxy products, Softner • Textile characterists: • Pilling Propensity • Textile geometry • Yarn Type • Mechanical Factor during Yarn Production

  11. Mitigation of the impact caused by microfibres by implementing new additives for laundry processes and new textile finishing treatments.

  12. ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE AUXILIARIES SUPPLIED BY LEITAT AND POLYSISTEC aliphatic polyurethane PURLASTIC 8139 PURLASTIC 8189 POLYACRIL 73 POLYACRIL 97 POLYACRIL 56 ECO POLYSILK CTE POLIZIME EA50 acrylic-urethane acrylic polymers amino-funtional elastomeric silicone acid cellulase

  13. FINISHING OF STANDARD TEXTILES Tested by CNR-ISMAC on Industrial scale by using equipment supplied by Tintoria Finissaggio 2000-Biella Finishing Treatment of Polyester fabrics with Polyacril and Polysilk CTE

  14. TREND IN MICROFIBRES RELEASE INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASHINGS DOMESTIC WASHING INDUSTRIAL WASHING TREATED and UNTREATED STANDARD FABRIC

  15. ANALYSIS OF WASHING EFFLUENT • Fibers identification by light microscopy, FT-IR • Fiber quantification by DSC, TGA, chemical methods • Weighed

  16. Fabric treated with Polyacryl • Polyacril decrease the release of 50%

  17. Production of Biodegradable synthetic fibers How the textile fibers loss during washing can be addressed ?? • Improving laundry products (e.g detergent, additives) • Improving textile finishing (including care products) • Including new tecnologies in the new washing machines • (filtering technology) Ecodesign of garments

  18. Thanks for Your Attention Team Mermaids

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