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Kingdoms and Domains

Kingdoms and Domains. SBI3U1. Taxonomy is . . . DISCOVERING NAMING DESCRIBING CLASSIFYING. ORGANISMS. In order to describe and classify a new species, one must compare them to other organisms. . Used to better understand biodiversity. Why use scientific names?.

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Kingdoms and Domains

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  1. Kingdoms and Domains SBI3U1

  2. Taxonomy is . . . DISCOVERING NAMING DESCRIBING CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS In order to describe and classify a new species, one must compare them to other organisms. Used to better understand biodiversity

  3. Why use scientific names? • So that it can be commonly used from region to region. Common names tend to vary. • Using a single standard Latin name for each species avoids any confusion

  4. Remember . . . • Organism are classified based on taxons. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  5. Classifying Species • When classifying species , scientists look for similarities and differences between organisms. • When scientists look at similarities they look at the following: • cell type • cell number • cell wall material • DNA sequence.

  6. Classifying Species Scientists often reclassify organisms as new information is discovered. Why is it important for scientists to continue to classify and reclassify organisms?

  7. Domains • There are three domains (the broadest taxon) • Bacteria • Archaea • Eukarya

  8. Domains & Kingdoms • Originally all species were categorized into two main kingdoms ‘Plants’ and ‘Animals’. Due to advances in technologies and new discoveries species were able to be further categorized into domains.

  9. Domains & Kingdoms Today, there are 3 broad domains that are mostly based on the cell type and environment of the organism. These domains are further subdivided into 6 main kingdoms.

  10. Creating Kingdom Categories • Info used to categorize different kingdoms: • Cell Type • Number of Cells • Cell Wall Material • Nutrition • Type of Reproduction • ** Note: cell type and number of cells are primary distinction factor.

  11. 1. Cell Types Eukaryotes(true nucleus) : ~1000X larger, complex cell with a membrane bound nucleus Prokaryotes(before nucleus) : small, simple cell without a membrane bound nucleus

  12. 1. Cell Types What are other differences between these cell types?

  13. 2. Number of Cells • Multicellular organisms are made of more than one eukaryotic cell • E.g. Cats, plants, humans • Single-cell (or unicellular) organisms are usually made of prokaryotic cells • E.g. Bacteria, halophiles (salt lovers)

  14. 3. Cell Wall Materials The cell wall material varies between organisms. Depending on type of material, organisms are classified in different domains and kingdoms Chitin (fungi) Peptidoglycan (bacteria) Cellulose (plants)

  15. 4. Nutrition Autotrophs: Heterotrophs: Autotroph Heterotroph

  16. 5. Reproduction Asexual: offspring arise from a single parent, and inherit the genes of that parent only Sexual: genetic material of two parents are combined to create an offspring

  17. Asexual Reproduction

  18. Dichotomous Keys • A dichotomous key is an identification tool that consists of a series of two-part choices that lead the user to the correct identification of an organism • Used by scientist with a specimen that is unknown

  19. Dichotomous Keys (pg. 27 of textbook)

  20. Dichotomous Keys • To design a key to make identifications at the species level appropriate characteristics must be chosen. • Example: to identify a species of wildflowers • # of leaves • Arrangement of leaves • Flower colour • Plant size

  21. Dichotomous Keys • Often, the key is turned into a visual http://www.execulink.com/~ekimmel/dichotomous_bugs.swf

  22. Homework Textbook: pg. 30 #1-2, 4-9

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