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Use-inspired basic research: Marrying humans & technology. Frank Durso Georgia Tech. The opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth. Without theory, practice is but routine born of habit.
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Use-inspired basic research: Marrying humans & technology Frank Durso Georgia Tech
The opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth Without theory, practice is but routine born of habit If I find 10,000 ways something won’t work, I haven’t failed…every wrong attempt discarded is a step forward Peterson? Backoff man, I’m a scientist
Pasteur in his quadrant • Basic: tartaric vs. paratartaric acid • all organic crystals rotate light • Applied: Contamination in fermentation • Crystals rotate light fermentation was organic (Germ theory) • Basic: Germ theory experiments • Swan necks & beef broth • Applied: beer, wine, silkworms, pasteurization, antiseptics • Basic (Analogy): Fermentation::contagious disease • Applied: Vaccinations
Wright brothers in the quadrant • Applied: Glider tests • Basic: Experimental data (lifting tables) of the time were incorrect • Basic: Experiments • Built a wind tunnel to use for aircraft design • Applied: The Flyer at Kitty Hawk
The life of Besse Cooper The rise of the machines Technology Changes
1908 Model T vs. 2011 Buick Model-T Buick • Weight (lbs) 1,200 3,671 • Horsepower 20 220 • Max speed (mph) 30 120 • Gas mileage (mpg) 25 23 • Cost (2008 $) 20,000 30,000
ENIAC vs. PDP-1 vs. Ipad(Nos. approx.) ENIAC PDP-1 Ipad Date 1945 1960 2011 Weight 27 tons 1,200 lbs 1.3 lbs Space (sq ft) 680 30 < 1 Mem capacity --- 10 KB 64 GB Speed (add/sec) 5K 100K 1Ghz Cost (2011 $) 6,000,000 875,000 700 Cal/sec for $1k (2011 $) 0.8 115 1.4G
Putting the rate of change in information technology in perspective • “An ordinary notebook PC can run a database that is more powerful and almost 100 times as large as that of a major bank of the 1980s” • If the cost of an automobile had changed at the same rate as the cost of computing over 100 years, one would be able to buy about 10 million 2011 Buicks for about 3 cents. • If the speed of an automobile had changed at the same rate as the speed of computers over 100 years, an automobile would have attained the speed of light around 1965.
Technology is attractive • Promise of faster, better, cheaper; makes life easier; makes us safer • Technology impacts everything • Technology centric: Because we can
Have cold feet? • Resistance to new technology • Luddites • Samurai • Bicycle face • What is being replaced? • Tradeoffs • Side effects • Evolution
The solution to every major societal problem of the next 50 years will require an understanding of how people think Why Cognition?
The problems are cognitive Situation awareness and hazard detection Information overload in air traffic control Low altitude military combat Automation and out of the loop Medication errors Managing chronic disease Training health care workers Global warming
Reverse engineering • Chase & Simon
Threat & Error Strategery • Identify threat • What strategy would you use? • What cues suggest that strategy? • Participants • Children’s intensive care nurses • Airline pilots [automation] • Air traffic controllers • Locomotive engineers
What is the state of the operator? • Modeling the state of the operator • Monitoring the state of the operator • Auditory P300 differential attention • EEG , heartrate variability workload • Heart rate arousal • Pupil diameter cognitive load • Eyelid droop fatigue • Posture imminent action • Saliva stress • Facial expression emotion • fNIR retrieval v. encoding
AugCog and loss of SA • EMG • But how can we make sure they’re confused
Watching a parade from the 40th floor • The view was breathtaking. From the window one could see the crowd below. Everything looked extremely small from such a distance, but the colorful costumes could still be seen. Everyone seemed to be moving in one direction in an orderly fashion and there seemed to be little children as well as adults. The landing was gentle and luckily the atmosphere was such that no special suits had to be worn. At first there was a great deal of activity. Later, when the speeches started, the crowd quieted down. The man with the television camera took many shots of the setting and the crowd. Everyone was very friendly and seemed glad when the music started.
N = 11 N = 5 Right Corrugator supercilii Left Corrugatorsupercili Right Depressor anguli oris Figure 4. Z-score transformed electromyograms for the experimental passage, classified by participant response and EMG activity. The x-axis of each graph is time in seconds and the y-axis is standard deviations. N = 4 N = 4
Leave the lab Realize where you are and why you’re there How to play in pasteur’s quadrant
Leaving “the lab” I was a control freak
The broader context • I thought cognitive psychology was all there was • Environment • Socio-political
In which quadrant are you? Chance favors the prepared mind Never express yourself more clearly than you are able to think Hell, there are no rules here, we’re trying to accomplish something No job is too big, no fee is too big
Others in Pasteur’s Quadrant • Jim Staszewski mine sweeper • Frank Drews anesthesia • Penny Sanderson sonification • The Habers—low altitude military combat • Many more
