I have a dream

1. I have a dream

2. I have a dream • I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. • I have a dream today! • I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. • I have a dream today! • I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."?

3. Context • About the speaker • Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. • He is best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods. • King is often presented as a heroic leader in the history of modern American liberalism. • In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end racial segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other nonviolent means.

4. Martin Luther King

5. Context • About the speech • "I Have a Dream" is a very famous public speech made by Martin Luther King, Jr. on August 28, 1963 to over 200,000 civil rights supporters, in which he appealed to the American people to do sth. What did he call for? • civil right, racial equality and the end of discrimination.

6. Cohesion Grammatical Cohesion Ellipsis Substitution Reference Conjunction Repetition Synonyms Antonyms Hyponyms Meronyms Lexical Cohesion

7. Grammatical Cohesionreference: colored wordsConjunction: underlined words • I have a dream • I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation wherethey will notbe judged by the color of their skin butby the content of their character. • I have a dream today. • I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with itsgovernor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. • I have a dream today. • I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight,andthe glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

8. Lexical CohesionRepetition: the colored words • I have a dream • I have a dreamthat my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. • I have a dream today. • I have a dreamthat one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right there in Alabama, littleblack boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. • I have a dream today. • I have a dream thatone day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

9. Lexical Cohesion Antonyms:black-white, exalted-low, rough-plain, crooked-straight • I have a dream • I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. • I have a dream today. • I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. • I have a dream today. • I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

10. Lexical Cohesion Meronyms: flesh • I have a dream • I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. • I have a dream today. • I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. • I have a dream today. • I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

11. Lexical Cohesion Collocation : live in, judge by, vicious racist, drip with, join hands • I have a dream • I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. • I have a dream today. • I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. • I have a dream today. • I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

12. Coherence • macrostructure microstructure

13. Macrostructure Generalization ---- Particular In my family In America In the world

14. Microstructure • “but” ---- • lexical signal to show correction or denial • contrast (Clause Relation) • I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will notbe judged by the color of their skinbutby the content of their character.(Para. 1)

15. Microstructure • I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. (Para. 4) Rhetorical relations concession

16. Microstructure “and” ---- lexical signal rough & plain crooked & straight • I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. (Para. 5) contrast

17. Culture • The fact that one was judged by the color of his skin is a unique culture phenomenon in America, where the colored were disregarded and exploited. • The use of the terms, e.g. the Lord, sisters and brothers, are also the typical cultural elements in western literature. Here they refer to the God and all the Americans respectively.

18. Critique • Many kinds of rhetorical devices were used in this speech, e.g. parallel structure, repetition, synecdoche etc. to make the speech much more attractive, inspiring, impressive, persuasive. • Based on this speech, we can also know that in 1960s there still existed racial segregation and racial discrimination in America which often boasted its liberty, democracy, and equality, where Civil Rights could not be guaranteed.

19. Assignment • Prepare for a speech • 1. title: I Have a Dream • 2. time: 3 minutes • 3. directions: Try to make your speech attractive, impressive, persuasive, etc. by using rhetorical devices, e.g. repetition, parallel structure, simile, metaphor.

20. Thank you !