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One-Gene-One-Enzyme, Pseudogenes & Common Ancestry

One-Gene-One-Enzyme, Pseudogenes & Common Ancestry. The following animation is intended to show: The one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis

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One-Gene-One-Enzyme, Pseudogenes & Common Ancestry

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  1. One-Gene-One-Enzyme,Pseudogenes& Common Ancestry The following animation is intended to show: • The one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis • How a mutation in one gene (probably in some early pre-primate) prevented the production of Vitamin C, explaining why all primates today require Vitamin C in their diets (not so with other mammals). • The GULO pseudogene evidence for the common ancestry of primates.

  2. What’s a Pseudogene? A pseudogene is a DNA sequence that is nearly identical to that of a functional gene, but contains one or more mutations, making it non-functional. Much of the intron material in the genomes of organisms is composed of recognizable pseudogenes.

  3. GULO gene Gene 3 Gene 2 Gulo Enz Enzyme 3 Enzyme 2 Pseudogenes and Vitamin C In most mammals Gene 1 Not so in primates… Enzyme 1 A B C Vitamin C D Vitamin C Portion of Working GULO Gene in Rat: Note Deletion Matching GULO Pseudogenes in 4 Primates

  4. Analysis • Any one of thousands of possible mutations in the several genes for a biochemical pathway could explain why a particular species fails to make a particular enzyme. • What does this suggest about the fact that Vitamin C production is blocked in several similar species by the exact same mutation in the Gulo gene? • Maybe common ancestry?

  5. Vitamin C, GULO Pseudogenes & Primate Evolution

  6. Note Simplification Three adjacent DNA segments (genes) were shown as necessary for Vitamin C to be formed. In reality, there can be more genes (or fewer), and they may not be adjacent, or even in the same chromosome.

  7. Pseudogenes: Vitamin C& Common Ancestry Part C of a 3-part suite on Pseudogenesand Evolution By Mary Ball and Steve Karr Carson-Newman College Posted on the ENSI website Animation by Larry FlammerENSI webmaster

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