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Chapter 14 Carbohydrates

Chapter 14 Carbohydrates. 14.1 Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are a major source of energy from our diet. composed of the elements C, H and O. also called saccharides, which means “sugars.”. Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are produced by photosynthesis in plants.

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Chapter 14 Carbohydrates

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  1. Chapter 14 Carbohydrates 14.1 Carbohydrates

  2. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are • a major source of energy from our diet. • composed of the elements C, H and O. • also called saccharides, which means “sugars.”

  3. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates • are produced by photosynthesis in plants. • such as glucose are synthesized in plants from CO2, H2O, and energy from the sun. • are oxidized in living cells to produce CO2, H2O, and energy.

  4. Types of Carbohydrates The types of carbohydrates are • monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. • disaccharides, which consist of two monosaccharides. • polysaccharides, which contain many monosaccharides.

  5. Monosaccharides Monosaccharides consist of • 3-6 carbon atoms typically. • a carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone). • several hydroxyl groups.

  6. Aldoses O ║ C─Haldose │ H─ C─OH │ H─ C─OH │ CH2OH Erythose, an aldotetrose Aldoses are monosaccharides • with an aldehyde group • with many hydroxyl (-OH) groups. triose (3C atoms) tetrose (4C atoms) pentose (5 C atoms) hexose (6 C atoms)

  7. Ketoses CH2OH │ C=O ketose │ H─ C─OH │ H─ C─OH │ H─C─OH │ CH2OH Ketoses are monosaccharides • with a ketone group • with many hydroxyl (-OH) groups. Fructose, a ketohexose

  8. Learning Check Identify each as aldo- or keto- and as tetrose, pentose, or hexose: A B

  9. Solution A. aldohexose B. ketopentose

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