First Aid Day 2 Objectives

1. First Aid Day 2 Objectives • The student will be able to define, describe and perform the initial Victim Assessment • The student will be able to define, describe and perform the Initial Check (Responsive and Unresponsive Victim) • The student will be able to define, describe and perform the ABC Assessment • The student will be able to define the acronym D-O-T-S • The student will be able to describe and perform the different Rescuing and Moving techniques. SOLs: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d, 9.5e

2. VICTIM ASSESSMENT (COPY) • Initial Check • Immediate life-threatening conditions Airway Breathing Circulation • Physical Exam: D-O-T-S • Deformities • Open-Wounds • Tenderness • Swelling

3. VICTIM ASSESSMENT (COPY) Sample History (after check for life-threatening conditions) -Signs /symptoms • Allergies • Medications • Past medical history • Last oral intake • Events leading to injury or illness

4. Initial Check(COPY) • Look for immediate life-threatening conditions • After one minutecall EMS if life is threatened

5. Responsive Victim(COPY) • Has an open airway • Is breathing • Circulation present • May suffer from an injury or illness

6. Unresponsive Victim(COPY) • No movement • Gently tap and shout “Are You OK?” • Unconscious adult activate EMS immediately Check the ABCs of the Victim

7. Causes of an Airway Obstruction • Abdominal thrusts if airway exchange is severely limited • Severe wounds/burns that affect the airway can be life-threatening • Examples • Airway obstruction or damage • Severe wounds or burns around the throat/mouth

8. Causes of Breathing Emergencies • Examples of life-threatening breathing emergencies • Asthma/allergies • Chest or abdominal injuries

9. Causes of Circulation Concerns • Interrupted when heart can’t • Adequately pump blood • Blood flow is insufficient • Blood vessels restrict blood from an area

10. Causes of Circulation Concerns(copy) • Examples of threats to circulation • Pump: heart can’t beat effectively (heart attack) • Blood Flow: pressure insufficient (severe bleeding) • Blood Vessels: insufficient flow to vital organs (shock or stroke)

11. Physical Exam • After checking for life-threatening injuries: • What you can see • What victim tells you • Head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities

12. Physical Exam – DOTS (copy) • D-O-T-S • Deformities • Open Wounds • Tenderness • Swelling

13. S.A.M.P.L.E History • Signs/Symptoms • Allergies • Medications • Past Medical History • Last Oral Intake • Events Leading to Injury or Illness

14. RESCUING AND MOVING (COPY) • Overview (See Handout) • Use good judgment • Keep yourself safe • Activate EMS

15. Moving Victims(COPY) • Only move to protect from further harm or to provide special care (CPR). • Stabilize any suspected bone, neck, or spinal injuries

16. Shoulder Drag (HDO) • Short distance over a rough surface • Stabilize victims head with forearms

17. Ankle Drag (HDO) • Fastest method for short distance • Over a smooth surface

18. Blanket Pull (HDO) • Roll victim onto a blanket • Pull from behind the victim’s head

19. One-Person Carry (HDO) • Human Crutch • Cradle Carry • Firefighters Carry • Pack Strap Carry • Piggy Back Carry

20. Two Person Carries (HDO) • Two-Person Assist • Two-Handed Seat Carry • Four-Handed Seat Carry • Extremity Carry • Chair Carry

21. RESCUING AND MOVING

22. Water Rescue (RTRG)(COPY) • Only enter the water if professionally trained to do so • Reach: lightweight pole, ladder, long stick, clothing • Throw: use anything that floats-attached to rope • Row: rowboat, canoe, motor boat, boogie board • Go: use towel or board for victim to hang onto

23. Electrical Emergencies(COPY) • Remove or inactivate (shut off) power source before attempting to assist a victim • Household power: Shut off fuse box, circuit breakers, or main switch, or unplug cord • High Voltage Lines: activate EMS and be sure police or power company have turned off power • Power Lines on Auto: Victims stay in car unless fire or explosion threatens life.

24. Hazardous Materials(COPY) • Exists in industrial workplaces and crashes. Only trained personnel should enter if: • Signs Posted • Vapor clouds • Unusual odors • Spilled fluids

25. Motor Vehicle Crashes(COPY) • Obligated to stop and assist when involved in an accident. • Assess victims: • condition of victims • Activate EMS • Prioritize and provide care

26. Motor Vehicle Crashes (COPY) • Vehicles • 1. Turn off the ignition • 2. Switch on emergency flashers • 3. Raise hood to draw attention • Avoid moving victims unless you need to in order to provide care or environment becomes unstable (unsafe)

27. Fire(COPY) • Quickly direct others to safety • Activate EMS • Use an extinguisher or other method to stop small fire • Maintain a clear escape route and keep a safe distance from fire • Maintain escape plan • Do not open hot doors • Stay low • Help others to escape

28. Confined Spaces(COPY) • Not intended for human occupancy • Below ground • Manholes, utility vaults, cisterns, wells • Ground level • Industrial tanks, farm storage • Above ground • Water towers, storage tanks

29. Bell Ringer #2An Assessment Scenario #2 Scenario #2 • You are on break in the concession area. A young woman approaches you saying her friend is behaving very strangely. You and the woman approach the friend who is sitting down. She is conscious. Immediately you notice a medical identification bracelet on her wrist. • Describe what steps you would take to help the young woman and why you would take these actions.

30. Quiz Next Class