FIRST AID

1. FIRST AID http://utpo.lf1.cuni.cz jana.heczkova@ftn.cz Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Theory and Practice of Nursing

2. Contacts • http.//utpo.lf1.cuni.cz • Username: firstaid.lf1@gmail.com • Password: firstaid • jana.heczkova@ftn.cz • Credits: Practical exam

3. First Aid • Consent • Conscious victim • Unconscious victim • Children • Mentally incompetent victim • Refusing help

4. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (Initial assessment) • Get help • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Provide first aid • Reassess regularly • Transport to health care facility

5. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (assessment) • Get help • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Provide first aid • Reassess regularly • Transport to health care facility • D • R • s • A • B • C

6. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (assessment) • Get help • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Provide first aid • Reassess regularly • Transport to health care facility • Dangers • R • s • A • B • C

7. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (assessment) • AVPU scale • Dangers • Response • s • A • B • C • Alertand aware • Responds toVerbalstimuli • Responds toPainfulstimuli • Unresponsive

8. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (assessment) • Get help • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Provide first aid • Reassess regularly • Transport to health care facility • Dangers • Response • shoutfor help • A • B • C

9. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (assessment) • Get help • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Provide first aid • Reassess regularly • Transport to health care facility • Dangers • Response • shout for help • Airway • Breathing • Circulation

10. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (assessment) • Get help • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Provide first aid • Reassess regularly • Transport to health care facility

11. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Get help • Europe112 • Local155 • Helth care facility4444 • What happened • How many victims • Where • Who

12. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (assessment) • Get help • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Provide first aid • Reassess regularly • Transport to health care facility • A • B • C • D • E

13. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (assessment) • Get help • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Airway • B • C • D • E • Head tilt – chin lift method • Jaw thrust method

14. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Airway • Breathing • C • D • E • Rate • Normal respiration 12 - 20 • Bradypnea  • Tachypnea  • Apnea • Depth • Ease • Noise

15. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (assessment) • Get help • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Provide first aid • Reassess regularly • Transport to health care facility • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • D • E

16. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • D • E • Rate • Normal HR 60 - 90 • Bradycardia  • Tachycardia  • Strength • Rhythm • Arrythmia • Skin colour

17. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • D • E • Systemic BP • Normal BP 120–140 / 60-80 • Hypertension  • Hypotension

18. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (assessment) • Get help • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Provide first aid • Reassess regularly • Transport to health care facility • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • Disability • E

19. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Mental status • Pupils • Extremities • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • Disability • E

20. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Mental status: Glasgow Coma Scale • Pupils • Extremities • Eye opening • Spontaneously 4 • To Speach 3 • To Pain 2 • None 1 • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • Disability • E • Verbal response • Orientated 5 • Confused 4 • Inappropriate words 3 • Incomprehensible sounds 2 • None 1 • Motor response • Obeys verbal commands 6 • Localising pain 5 • Withdraws from pain stimuli 4 • Flexing to pain 3 • Extension to pain 2 • No response 1

21. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • GCS • Pupils • Extremities • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • Disability • E • Shape • Equality • Response to light • PEARL • PupilsEqual AndReactingtoLight

22. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • GCS • PEARL • Extremities • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • Disability • E • CSM • Circulation • Sensation • Movement

23. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (assessment) • Get help • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Provide first aid • Reassess regularly • Transport to health care facility • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • Disability • Exposure, EverythingElse

24. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Physical exam • Victim‘s chief complaint • Head to toe examination • Victim‘s history • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • Disability • Exposure, Everything Else

25. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Physical exam • Victim‘s chief complaint • Head to toe examination • Victim‘s history • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • Disability • Exposure, EverythingElse • DOTS • Deformity • Openwounds • Tenderness • Swelling

26. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Physical exam • Victim‘s chief complaint • Head to toe examination • Victim‘s history(SAMPLE history) • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • Disability • Exposure, Everything Else • Symptoms • Allergies • Medications • Past medical history • Last oral intake • Events leading up to the illness or injury

27. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (assessment) • Get help • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Provide first aid • Reassess regularly • Transport to health care facility

28. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (assessment) • Get help • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Provide first aid • Reassess regularly • Transport to health care facility • Recovery position

29. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Primary Survey (assessment) • Get help • Secondary Survey (assessment) • Provide first aid • Reassess regularly • Transport to health care facility

30. RESOURCES • National Safety Council; FIRST AID AND CPR. • Chapleau, W., Pons, P. (2007) EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN. St. Louis: Elsevier • Caroline, N. (2007) EMERGENCY CARE IN THE STREET. 6th ed. London: Jones and Bartlett