A fish swims below the surface of the water at P . An observer at O sees the fish at

1. Suppose the sprinters wish to get from point Q on the beach to point Pon the parking lot as quickly as possible. Which path takes the least time? 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. e 6. All paths take the same amount of time.

2. The observer at Oviews two closely spaced lines through an angled piece of plastic. To the observer, the lines appear (choose all that apply) 1. shifted to the right. 2. shifted to the left. 3. spaced farther apart. 4. spaced closer together. 5. exactly as they do without the piece of plastic.

3. A fish swims below the surface of the water at P. An observer at Osees the fish at 1. a greater depth than it really is. 2. the same depth. 3. a smaller depth than it really is.

4. Explanation

5. A fish swims below the surface of the water. Suppose an observer is looking at the fish from point O' straight above the fish. The observer sees the fish at 1. a greater depth than it really is. 2. the same depth. 3. a smaller depth than it really is.

6. Explanation

7. There are certain materials which can have properties that seem to ignore the laws of physics. These man made materials called metamaterials are specifically designed to exhibit electromagnetic characteristics not seen in nature. One such result is a chemical with a negative refractive index. What would a chemical with a negative refractive index look like? Negative Refractive index Positive Refractive index These are computer generated images to simulate the what would be observed.

8. A parallel beam of light is sent through an aquarium. If a convex glass lens is held in the water, it focuses the beam 1. closer to the lens than 2. at the same position as 3. farther from the lens than outside the water. The index of water is greater than that of air, therefore less refraction occurs.

9. Shown in the photograph below is a small fuse box as seen through a magnifying glass. Now suppose that the entire magnifying glass and fuse box assembly were placed into the tank of water seen at the rear of the picture behind the assembly. After the magnifying glass/fuse box assembly is placed into the water the letters on the fuse box will appear: (1) larger. (2) smaller. (3) the same size.

10. Wavelets Wavefront Huygen’s Principle: Electromagnetic waves can be examined using geometrical considerations instead of the relationships between the electric and magnetic fields (such as Snell’s Law). Huygen’s Principle was the first theory describing the wave nature of light that explained reflection and refraction. Huygen’s Principle states: “All points on a given wavefront are sources of spherical secondary waves called wavelets, which propagate outward. The new wavefront will be a surface line tangent to each of these wavelets.” cDt cDt 1 2 This theory has more historical significance than practical applications.