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Plant evolution

Plant evolution. Proterozoic – Green algal evolution Mid paleozoic – First land plants Late paleozoic – Coal forests: early vascular plants Latest paleozoic – seed plants, early Gymnosperms Mesozoic – Gymnosperms (and reptiles) dominant Late mesozoic – first flowering plants

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Plant evolution

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  1. Plant evolution • Proterozoic – Green algal evolution • Mid paleozoic – First land plants • Late paleozoic – Coal forests: early vascular plants • Latest paleozoic – seed plants, early Gymnosperms • Mesozoic – Gymnosperms (and reptiles) dominant • Late mesozoic – first flowering plants • Cenozoic – coevolution of flowering plants and insect pollinators

  2. Ancestral Green Algae Gymnosperms Bryophytes Ferns & allies Angiosperms Flowers Seeds Overview of Plant Evolution Vascular tissue Embryos

  3. Bryophyte-like plants evolved from Charophycean Green Algae Chara A Coleochaete B Parka (Ordovician) From Berkeley Time Machine Coleochaete

  4. Seedless Vascular Plants • Vascular tissue improves sporophyte efficiency • Dominant plants from late Devonian through early Permian • Equatorial coal forests

  5. Early Devonian landscape

  6. Carboniferous (-300 my) coal forest model

  7. Imagine a dragonfly with a wingspan of over 1 meter

  8. Carboniferous forest

  9. Devonian plant roots

  10. Pregymnosperms Early Permean Pangea – dry, continental climates First seed plants

  11. Seed fern seeds Trigonocarpus from Mazon Creek formation (Carboniferous)

  12. Evolution of flower & fruit • First fossils: late Jurassic period of Mesozoic era • Diversified during Cenozoic era • Coevolution with pollinators

  13. Oldest flowering plant fossil

  14. Fruit fossil

  15. Primitive existing flowers

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