3 - Year Storm Water Monitoring Action Plan

1. 3 - Year Storm Water Monitoring Action Plan Presented by Gary Lippner & Glenn Moeller

2. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Storm Water Program • NPDES Permit • Statewide Storm Water Management Plan • Planning-Support Monitoring and Evaluation Program • 3-Year Storm Water Monitoring Action Plan

3. 3 - Year Storm Water Monitoring Action Plan To manage storm water constituents in compliance with current legislation and regulations, Caltrans has initiated a major storm water research effort. This effort, as detailed in a rolling 3-Year Storm Water Monitoring Action Plan, has three overall goals.

4. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Overall Goals of Applied Research • Advance the state of applied knowledge regarding cost-effective management of storm water from highways and related Caltrans facilities. • Provide a sound basis for redirecting or refining aspects of the storm water management program to improve its effectiveness. • Recommend ways to improve the Caltrans Storm Water Management Plan.

5. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Monitoring Program Activities Activity 1: Identify receiving waters and constituents of concern. Activity 2: Identify factors that affect the concentrations and loads of constituents of concern in runoff from Caltrans facilities. Activity 3: Examine physical and chemical mechanisms that affect mobilization, transport, and transformation of constituents in Caltrans facilities. Activity 4: Develop a methodology for predicting constituent concentrations and loads from Caltrans facilities. Activity 5: Prioritize Caltrans facilities. Activity 6: Identify practices to be evaluated and plan pilot studies. Activity 7: Implement and monitor the effectiveness of candidate practices through pilot studies.

6. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Action Plan for Dummies • What’s in Storm Water? • Where’s it go? • How’s it get in there? • How do we keep it out?

7. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program What’s in Storm Water? • Statewide Storm Water Monitoring • Maintenance Yard Runoff Characterization Study • Construction Site Runoff Characterization • North Coast River Loading Study • Pathogen Identification in Storm Water • District 11 Drain Inlet Sediment Characterization

8. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Maintenance Yard Runoff Characterization Purpose: Characterize storm water runoff from maintenance yards. Background: Caltrans maintenance stations used for material storage, vehicle fueling, and equipment maintenance. Overview: Identify six maintenance yards in the Central Valley and Bay Area. Install monitoring stations and monitor runoff. Analyze data to characterize runoff and compare to freeway runoff .

9. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Construction Site Runoff Characterization Purpose: Characterize the quality of runoff from representative Caltrans construction sites. Background: Baseline data for construction sites is needed for multiple purposes. Overview: Phase I - site identification, monitoring station design, and monitoring plan development. Phase II - two years of monitoring site runoff.

10. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program District 11 Drain Inlet Sediment Characterization Purpose: Characterize the sediment deposited in District 11 Drain Inlets. Background: Forty drain inlets were sampled in District 11 during FY 96/97. The results indicate relatively low levels of potential pollutants. Approach: Continue to sample drain inlet to further characterize and validate the results.

11. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program North Coast River Loading Purpose: Determine present, absolute and relative loads associated with Caltrans facilities. Background: NCRWQCB is developing 18 TMDLs for the North Coast. Overview: Caltrans is partnering with NCRWQCB in developing TMDLs for watersheds with representative Caltrans facilities. Research will review available data determine required data, and perform needed sampling.

12. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Pathogen Identification in Storm Water Purpose: Determine procedures and protocols for identifying the type and concentration of pathogenic organisms in storm water runoff. Background: Investigations of pathogens transported via storm drains is needed as current methods of analysis are insufficient. Approach: Examine the potential of various methods to indicate: the presence of pathogens, their impact, and possible source controls.

13. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Where’s it go? • Water Quality Objective Inventory and Database • Constituent Concentration and Load Prediction Model

14. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Water Quality Objectives Inventory & Database Purpose: Prepare a GIS based database of water quality objectives, including beneficial uses and associated numeric and narrative objectives. Background: Needed to effectively characterize runoff from Caltrans facilities in terms of compliance with existing water quality objectives and regulatory policy. Overview: Prepare reference database of water quality requirements in relation to the associated beneficial uses for California hydrologic units.

15. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Constituent Concentration and Load Prediction Model Purpose: Develop a model that can be used to predict annual or seasonal constituent concentrations and mass loading from various types of Caltrans facilities. Background: Prioritization of Caltrans facilities in terms of potential impact on receiving waters requires knowledge of the constituent concentrations and loads from various types of Caltrans facilities. Overview: Develop preliminary models based on existing data, identify data gaps and recommend studies to collect data, and refine models.

16. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program How’s it get in there? • Literature Review of Contaminant Accumulation and Transport • Evaluation of Lead in California Highway Soils • Solids Transport and Deposition Study • First Flush Characterization Study

17. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Literature Review of Contaminant Accumulation and Transport Purpose: Compile and evaluate the existing information on the accumulation and transport of contaminants from highway surfaces. Background: Reviewing the available information is a relatively low-cost opportunity that could provide useful insight into designing future Caltrans facilities. Overview: Review studies prepared by consultants, government and other agencies and compile results regarding the state of knowledge.

18. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Evaluation of Lead in California Highway Soils Purpose: Evaluate the impact of changes in lead-in-soil criteria based on field data collected at representative Caltrans highway sites. Background: To develop impact of criteria change on Caltrans soils management practices, it is necessary to develop baseline data on lead in soils at representative Caltrans highway sites. Overview: Review existing data on lead in soils, evaluate soil sampling and laboratory protocols for potential Caltrans construction sites, and conduct fields studies.

19. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Solids Transport and Deposition Study Purpose: Determine the characteristic rates and patterns of transfer, collection and discharge of solid materials from District 7 drain inlets. Background: Determination of the mass and source of material being deposited in drain inlets may provide substantial source control benefits. Overview: Analyze data taken from 72 drain inlets during a one year period. Use factorial study design to apply statistical analysis to aid in the understanding of characteristic drain inlet accumulation rates.

20. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program First Flush Characterization Purpose: Determine the spatial and temporal distribution of runoff contaminants from a freeway segment during a storm event. Background: Information of the spatial and temporal distribution of contaminant concentrations in storm water runoff originating in arid zones is lacking. Overview: Study includes planning, experimental, and modeling components and will be conducted in phases, with each phase building on knowledge gained from the previous phase.

21. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program How do we keep it out? • Drain Inlet Cleaning Efficacy Study • Roadside Erosion Control Efficacy Study • Litter Management Pilot Study • District 7 & 11 BMP Evaluation • Compost Storm Water Filter Study • Vegetation Management Study

22. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Drain Inlet Cleaning Efficacy Purpose: Evaluate the efficacy of drain inlet cleaning as it relates to effluent storm water quality. Background: During the 1996-1997 storm season outlets associated with freeways in District 7 were monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of drain inlet cleaning to improve the quality of water discharged. Overview: Monitor second year of data to confirm the results obtained previously.

23. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Roadside Erosion Control Studies Purpose: Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of roadside management erosion controls and enhanced landscape practices. Background: A potentially significant constituent of concern is storm water runoff from lands adjacent to highways is suspended solids stemming from soil erosion. Overview: Pre-BMP site assessment, installation of BMPs, and post BMP monitoring.

24. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Litter Management Pilot Study Purpose: Evaluate the efficacy of three litter BMPs: litter pick-up programs, street sweeping, and drain inlet grate structural enhancements. Background: Little is known about the effectiveness of litter BMPs targeting freeway storm water runoff. Overview: Perform a literature review on existing litter BMPs, implement and monitors three types of BMPs to evaluate their effectiveness.

25. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program District 7 & 11 BMP Evaluation • Purpose: • Conduct filed monitoring programs to evaluate the effectiveness of selected storm water quality control BMPs. • Background: • As part of recent legal settlement agreements Caltrans has committed to conduct field pilot studies of 38 storm water BMPs. • Overview: • Evaluate the effectiveness of the following BMPs: • Trapping catch basins • Extended detention basins • Infiltration trenches and basins • Biofiltration strips and swales • Media filters

26. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Compost Storm Water Filter Study Purpose: Conduct water quality sampling to determine the effectiveness of the compost storm water filter (CSF) system in reducing pollutants in storm water runoff. Background: After conferring with the Regional Water Quality Control Board, Caltrans decided to use the CSF system in certain areas. However, Caltrans needs to monitor the effectiveness of this new system. Overview: Two CSF locations were monitored, a freeway location and a maintenance yard. A total of five storms were sampled.

27. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Vegetation Management Study Purpose: Assess, in the North Coast region, the impact of landscape management practices in general, and herbicide use in particular, and evaluate the effectiveness of alternative practices. Background: Herbicides are commonly used for vegetation management along rural highways. The loadings of herbicide residues in storm water runoff resulting from such use has not been thoroughly researched Overview: Coordinate activities with NCRWQCB, identify sites, determine chemical usage, and develop monitoring plan. Perform field monitoring and report on results.

28. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Other Activities of the Caltrans Storm Water Program • Produce Water Quality Handbooks • Construction Reviews • Statewide Permit • Training

29. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Participation with Others • State and Regional Water Quality Control Boards • CalEPA • USEPA • Other State DOTs • Academic Community • Environmental Groups • The Public

30. Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program Future Direction • 97/98 Plan: 16 Complete, 9 Ongoing, 37 New • Draft 98/99 Plan: 23 Complete, 30 Ongoing, 16 New • 98/99 Plan expected Summer 98 • Statewide Permit coming Summer - Fall