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Future in Particle Physics!

Future in Particle Physics!. ECFA: Future of Accelerator-Based Particle Physics in Europe HEPAP: Long Range Planning for U.S. High-Energy Physics ACFA: coming up soon?. F. Linde, 14-December-2001, Amsterdam. Input to ECFA report. Laboratories: L. Maiani: “CERN: views for the future”

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Future in Particle Physics!

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  1. Future in Particle Physics! ECFA: Future of Accelerator-Based Particle Physics in Europe HEPAP: Long Range Planning for U.S. High-Energy Physics ACFA: coming up soon? F. Linde, 14-December-2001, Amsterdam

  2. Input to ECFA report • Laboratories: • L. Maiani: “CERN: views for the future” • A. Wagner: “Views on the future of DESY” • J. Bagger: “HEPAP sub-panel on long range planning for U.S. High energy physics” • F. Gilman: “The U.S. high energy physics advisory panel white paper” • A. Skrinsky: “Russian HEP activity: status and perspectives” • S. Komamiya: “Report on ACFA activities” • Projects: • F. Gianotti: “Physics perspectives with the LHC within Standard Model” • P. Sphicas: “Physics perspectives with the LHC: SuSy and other physics beyond SM” • K. Hubner: “New acceleration methods and plans for high intensity proton machines” • R. Klanner: “Future perspectives for ep physics” • D. Miller: “Physics potential and concrete perspectives for <1 TeV linear colliders” • P. Zerwas: “Muti-TeV lepton colliders: the physics potential” • J.P. Delahaye: “CLIC, a two beam multi-TeV e linear collider” • A. de Roeck: “CLIC, a compact linear collider: experimentation and physics potential” • M. Tigner: “Perspectives and experimental environment of a muon collider” • P. Janot: “What physics at muon colliders” • K. Peach: “Neutrino factories”

  3. Physics challenges • “recent” discoveries: • three families (LEP) • t-quark discovered (Tevatron) • indirect Higgs mass (LEP/Tevatron) • -oscillations (Kamiokande) • CP violation in B system (BaBar/Belle) • many questions, e.g.: • matter  anti-matter? • dark matter? • three families? • generation of mass? • proton decay? • charge quantization? • unification?

  4. Progress within the Standard Model • Improvements: • masses: mW, mt, … • couplings: s, G, … • other: sin2w, CKM, g-2, ... • Outstanding issues: • Higgs mechanism • quark-gluon plasma • CP violation quark sector • neutrino sector

  5. Progress beyond the Standard Model • Approaches: • Rare/forbidden decays • New particles • New interactions • Unification • Unknown: look into the sky!

  6. Experimental opportunities

  7. Future “G$” projects • Hadron-hadron (CERN & Fermilab) • LHC upgrades: • Luminosity upgrade 1034 1035 cm-2s-1 “easy” (you want it?) • Energy upgrade difficult (we might want it!) • Very large hadron colliders: VLHC • Lepton-lepton (CERN, DESY, US, Japan) • ee linear colliders: TESLA, NLC, JLC, CLIC •  collider • Intense neutrino beams (CERN, FermiLab, Japan) • ,,e,e

  8. Very large hadron collider • VLHC-1 • VLHC-2 • s (TeV) • 30-40 • 175 • B-field (T) • 2 • 10-12 • Lumi (cm-2s-1) • 1034 • 1035 • Fermilab • VLHC phased project • (240 km circumference tunnel) • Issue: cost, cost and cost dipole magnets interesting (transmission line) • Physics • The unknown, new, exciting! • Continuation of LHC • But also clear you only embark on this well after the LHC has cleared the TeV energy range

  9. Intense neutrino beams ( collider?) • SPL: Ep 2-15 GeV, 1016 p/s • target: p   • -decay:    • -cooling: reduce E, E50 GeV • -decay:  decay in “ring” • -collider: future music pee ee Japan, CERN & FermiLab • Physics • “Near” (<1 km, high rate) • structure functions • CKM matrix • new physics • “Far” (102-104 km, low rate) • oscillations • CP neutrino beam neutrino beam

  10.  collider • Everything ee linear collider offers with as advantages: • Far less Beamstrahlung (negligible) • Far better calibration (E5 keV, energy spread & polarization) • Much larger couplings to Higgs bosons (/ee4104) •  Higgs lineshape!

  11. Linear ee collider: cartoons SLAC Japan DESY

  12. Linear ee collider: real work

  13. Lepton colliders: ee • SLC • TESLA • NLC/JLC • CLIC • s (TeV) • 0.1 • 0.1-0.8 • 0.5-1.0 • 0.5-5.0 • Length (km) • 5 • 33 • 25 • 30-40 • Gradient (MV/m) • (10?) • 25-35 • 50 • 150-170 • Lumi (1034 cm-2s-1) • 0.0003 • 3-5 • 2-3 • 10 • xy(nm2) • 10001000 • 5005 • 2002.5 • 401 • Beamstrahlung (%) • ? • 3-4 • 5-10 • 30-40 • ee • Higgs • Supersymmetry • lots more (QCD, …) • X-ray FEL option: • biology • material • e and  options

  14. Making choices! • $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ • HEP creativity exceeds available finances  must be selective • allow orginal, excellent, new, ... proposals  be flexible • limit (expensive) duplications  operate globally • sufficient R&D before technology decision  be economical • realistic time schedules! • accelerator  non-accelerator • links to astro-physics, cosmology and nuclear physics • “plan” for the unexpected • fill “no-physics” between large accelerator projects • Fairly well covered already • B-physics: HeraB/Tevatron - BaBar/Belle - LHCb • Heavy-ion physics: RHIC - ALICE

  15. ECFA recommendations HEPAP addition Importance of non-accelerator based experiments • Make the LHC a success i.e. get it running timely! • Exploit ongoing facilities optimally in pre-LHC era • Stimulate accelerator R&D @ home institutes • Next project: a sub-TeV (s  400 GeV) ee linear collider • (irrespective of the findings of the LHC i.e. justification exists today) • Coordinated R&D effort to study -storage ring • (SPL  intense -beam) • VLHC, CLIC & -collider: far future i.e. beyond 2020 • (coordinate R&D efforts)

  16. Linear ee colliders • c.m. energy s: • facts: • “Giga Z”: smZ90 GeV • “top factory”: s2mt350 GeV • speculation: • “SM Higgs factory”: smH+mZ350 GeV • new physics: super-symmetry, extra dimensions, …..  s  400 GeV • pp  ee colliders: • complementary (SppS  LEP  Tevatron) • Z, W discovery  Z factory • mt prediction  top discovery • mH prediction  Higgs discovery? • pp: discovery physics ( Nobel exp.) • ee: precision physics ( Nobel th.)

  17. ee linear collider: physics • Precision Higgs study (mH, spin, H, HHH,Hff, …) • Super-symmetry spectroscopy (threshold scans) • Precision measurements thereby probing higher energies • Anything new and unexpected (unlikely to escape LHC though)

  18. ee linear collider: Higgs ZHqqbb ZHl+l-bb Higgs decay width HZ (fb) HHZ (fb) Higgs spin Higgs selfcoupling e+e-  HZ e+e-  HHZ mH s Higgs signals

  19. Prospects (limit duplications: BTeV, … !) NIKHEF • Resolve CERN/LHC situation • management & finances • realise machine & experiments • do the experiments: • find Higgs, supersymmetry, quark-gluon plasma, CKM & CP • Get the e+e- linear collider on track • sort out technology (cold  warm) • agree upon one site (FermiLab?) & get it funded! • do the experiment(s):  2013 • better insight into …. (Higgs, supersymmetry, higher energy scales) ? • Develop -superbeam/factory facility • SPL: intense p source • -cooling R&D • ? ? • Exciting non-accelerator program • proton decay, neutrino, satellite-based & gravitational wave experiments

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