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The War of 1812

The War of 1812. The 2 nd Revolutionary War. Seeds of War. 1803—Napoleon draws Br into a war—as a result US trade suffers Br ruled the seas (Battle of Trafalgar) Fr. ruled the land (Battle of Austerlitz) 1806 Orders In Council/Napoleon orders the seizure of all ships Impressment

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The War of 1812

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  1. The War of 1812 The 2nd Revolutionary War

  2. Seeds of War • 1803—Napoleon draws Br into a war—as a result US trade suffers • Br ruled the seas (Battle of Trafalgar) Fr. ruled the land (Battle of Austerlitz) • 1806 Orders In Council/Napoleon orders the seizure of all ships • Impressment • The Chesapeake Incident-USS Chesapeake/Leopold----deserters???? • The Non-Importation Act The Embargo Act “O-grab-me” Act • Non-Intercourse Act • Macon’s Bill #2

  3. Moving Toward War • 1811 negotiations w/Br. Fail---Madison advises congress to prepare for war. • War Hawks---Henry Clay John C. Calhoun • Motive---more land and control of the west. • NE Objects---trade/sympathy • Battle of Tippecanoe Nov. 1811

  4. Progress of the War • June 1 1812---Madison asks for a Dec. of War on Great Britain for: impressment interference in US trade sponsoring Indian uprisings June 18 1812 Congress Declares War on GB ---two days earlier GB repeals the Orders In Council but word of this does not reach US until the War begins

  5. Attitude of The Nation • Very little $$$$ in the treasury • 10,000 troops few officers • NE states were bitterly opposed to war • War at sea Hopeless US GB Battleships 0 100+ Frigates/Sloops 17 950+ Scouts ships 80 1,000+ 97 2,050

  6. Land Campaigns • 3 prong Attack • From Detroit • From the Niagara River • From the foot of Lake Champlain Battles of 1813/14 Taking of York (Toronto) Battle of Lake Erie British Raid on the Chesapeake---burn the Capitol -----Star Spangled Banner---Battle of Baltimore The Needless Battle---New Orleans---Andrew Jackson

  7. Treaty of Ghent August 1814 • The British public was tired of war and especially war taxes. Britain proposes discussing terms. • Commissioners of both countries met in Ghent Belgium • Settled Border disputes---Indian Reservations • No New Land---No Repayment • Ratified February 17 1815

  8. The Hartford Convention • As the capture of New Orleans was imminent Mass., Conn., NH, Vm, & RI secretly met in Hartford Conn. To discuss their grievances and to seek redress for their wrongs • Some spoke of succession…most wanted financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade. • They wanted an amendment to the Const. requiring a 2/3 majority for all declarations of embargos, except during invasions. • News of victory in NO met them in Washington: their mission failed and their (Federalist) candidate in 1816 was trounced by James Monroe • Proved to be the end of the Federalist Party.

  9. Results of the War • Increase in manufacturing • Increase in Patriotism/ National Pride • No impressments or Blockades • Indian Troubles in the Northwest went away with the death of Tecumseh • US was able to purchase Florida • New future leaders---Andrew Jackson William Henry Harrison Decline of the Federalist---Hartford Convention.

  10. For Discussion • Compare and Contrast the War for Independence and the War of 1812 • Military • Ideology • Trade • Land • Respect • How the war was actually won. • What was gained?

  11. Rush-Bagot Pact 1817and the Convention of 1818 • The Rush BagotPact was an agreement between the US and GB to eliminate their fleets from the Great Lakes. • The Convention of 1818 set the Western Boundaries between the US and British North American (later Canada) and the 49th Parallel up to the Rocky Mountains. • Both agreements reflected the easing of diplomatic tensions that led to the War of 1812 and marked the beginning of US/British cooperation.

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