1 / 31

Chapter 5 – Sensation & Perception

Chapter 5 – Sensation & Perception. Sensation = reception of stimuli Perception = interpretation of those stimuli. I. Smell & Taste Sensitive by birth Activity level - internal - external. Facial expression Orientation Preference Habituation. Discriminate odors/tastes

kemal
Download Presentation

Chapter 5 – Sensation & Perception

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 5 – Sensation & Perception • Sensation = reception of stimuli • Perception = interpretation of those stimuli

  2. I. Smell & Taste Sensitive by birth • Activity level - internal - external

  3. Facial expression • Orientation • Preference • Habituation

  4. Discriminate odors/tastes - all 4 taste categories (prefer sweet) - many odors • Importance - prefer stimuli related to breastfeeding - enhances survival

  5. II. Touch Reflex responses • shows tactile perception from birth Pain perception grows • born with poor pain perception • develops rapidly

  6. No experience of pain in the womb • Softens birth experience Heart rate • increases in response to pain Crying • specific pain cry • or just more & louder

  7. Importance • Attachment - tactile contact with parent helps build relationship - orphans/preemies with little tactile stimulation fail to develop properly

  8. Learning - by handling object, learn about world - brain structures & body develop

  9. III. Hearing • Good at birth; excellent by 6 months - perfected through exposure to sounds • Head orientation • Activity level

  10. 4 Factors infants can discriminate • Pitch - better at higher pitches “motherese” • Duration - differentiate between sounds of similar duration - helps learn language

  11. Location - improve with experience - test via sound in darkened room • Distance - tell how far something is - reach for noisy object in dark?

  12. Importance • Locate objects • Perceive human speech • Perceive danger

  13. IV. Sight • Fuzzy at birth - improves quickly

  14. Testing Vision • Tracking - following objects with eyes

  15. Optokinetic nystagmus - eye movements when watching a moving object - shows acuity

  16. Scanning - looking at different parts of object • Habituation - look longer at novel stimuli

  17. 4 Factors infants can discriminate • Brightness • Movement • Pattern/rules • Contrast/edges

  18. Importance • Bonding via eye contact • Perceive face pattern • Recognize parents

  19. Color • Rods & cones - rods on periphery: night vision - cones in center: color & day vision • Poor at birth - see black, white, some red - good at 2-3 months

  20. Depth • Sensitive by 2 months - visual cliff 4 visual cues to depth • Kinetic - movement - by 5 months

  21. Binocular - difference in images in left & right eyes - by 7 months • Perspective - lines moving together indicate distance

  22. Texture - less detail & space between objects indicates depth “Texture gradient” - by 7 months

  23. Integration of senses • Vision & touch - if touched hidden object, recognize it visually - by < 6 months • Vision & hearing - look at location of noisy object in dark room - ~ 3 weeks

  24. Ways of Learning I. Habituation • React to new a stimulus • Reaction dulls -> Learn the stimulus = habituation & discriminate from others • Importance - attention to significant threats

  25. II. Classical Conditioning - Pavlov • Unconditioned stimulus & response - US = stimulus that naturally evokes a reaction - UR = the natural reaction • Conditioned stimulus & response - something always occurs just prior to the US (temporal proximity — cue)

  26. - learn the association between the cue and the US - same reaction to the cue (the CS) • Superstitious behavior - perceiving a temporal link that is coincidental - fears, prejudice, phobias

  27. Extinction - to eliminate the CR - present CS many times with no US - people eventually quit responding - but: people resist extinction - violates rules/patterns

  28. Importance - survival behaviors can be classically conditioned - preparedness

  29. III. Operant Conditioning - Skinner • Rewards & punishments ->behavior • Use operant conditioning to measure infants’ perceptions & what infants can learn

  30. IV. Observational Learning - Bandura • Learn by imitating models • Integration of 2+ senses - use of games • Skills, socialization, & language

  31. Do newborns imitate? - newborns sticking out tongue - or not until ~ 8 weeks

More Related