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Indicators of Water Quality

Indicators of Water Quality. Definition and Levels. Turbidity: measure of the degree to which water looses its transparency due to the presence of suspended particulates. Ideal Level : 1 NTU High Level : 5 NTU and above. Causes.

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Indicators of Water Quality

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  1. Indicators of Water Quality

  2. Definition and Levels Turbidity: measure of the degree to which water looses its transparency due to the presence of suspended particulates Ideal Level: 1 NTU High Level: 5 NTU and above

  3. Causes Causes of increased turbidity: increased levels of phytoplankton, sediment from erosion, re-suspended sediments from the bottom (stirred by bottom dwellers), waste discharge, algae growth, and urban runoff

  4. Results Results of high turbidity: high turbidity increases the absorption of sunlight thus making the water warmer. Warmer water has lower levels of dissolved oxygen causing fish and larvae to die.

  5. Definition and Levels Surface Freshwater: 6.0 9.0 Swamps: as low as 4.3 Salt Water: 8.1 but as low as 7.7 pH: the acidity of the water (presence of hydrogen ion) 07 is acidic 7 is neutral 714 is basic

  6. Causes Causes of changes in pH: natural conditions (especially in swamps), dumping of waste (batteries) and farm runoff (lime)

  7. Results Results of changes in pH: a change in pH by 2 units results in a water system having 100 times a difference in acidity. Most aquatic life cannot withstand water outside of the optimum pH thus resulting in death.

  8. Definition and Levels Average Level: 9.0 ppm Must be 4-5 ppm to support diverse population of fish Dissolved Oxygen: the oxygen dissolved in the water

  9. Causes Causes of changes in dissolved oxygen: turbulent actions waves, rapids), water depth, and plant growth

  10. Results Results of changes in dissolved oxygen: When DO drops too low fish die. When DO is high, the water actually tastes better but can corrode water pipes.

  11. Definition and Levels Low: cannot be tolerated below 320F High: only rough fish can tolerate temperatures above 970F Temperature: measure of average kinetic energy

  12. Causes Causes of change in temperature: source of water, time of year, suspended sediment, depth of water, and shade from shoreline vegetation

  13. Results Results of changes in temperature: changes in temperature can make aquatic life susceptible to disease and at extreme levels can result in death

  14. Definition and Levels Drinking Water Max: 10 mg/L Fish: Below 90 mg/L seems to have no effect on warm water fish Nitrates: compound that contains the nitrogen based polyatomic ion NO3 (Ex: Sodium Nitrate)

  15. Causes Causes of nitrates: fertilizer runoff (both farm and home), manure pits, leaks in septic systems, animal waste, and rain trapping car exhaust

  16. Results Results of presence of nitrates: nitrates can increase the plant production and fish population resulting in overcrowding. If algae increases due to nitrates, the DO levels can decrease, killing fish. Nitrates are converted to nitrites in humans (can kill children)

  17. Definition and Levels High Level of Variety: healthy water source Small Level of Variety: poor water source (indicator of high levels of pollution) Bio-indicators: macroinvertibrates found living in water (they tend to remain in one place) that are sensitive to pollution

  18. Causes Causes of changes in bio-indicators: pollution that results in changes in pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, or nitrate levels

  19. Results Results of few varieties of bio-indicators present: the lack of a large number of different varieties of bio-indicators is indicative of pollution

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