Spring 2007 Computer Engineering Department Sharif University of Technology

1. Semantic WebTowards a Web of Knowledge -Chapters 3 and 4 – Turning: What is Machine IntelligenceBerners-Lee: What is Solvable on the Web Spring 2007 Computer Engineering Department Sharif University of Technology

2. Turing contribution • In Turing’s seminal work entitled Computing Machinery and Intelligence more than 50 years ago, he suggested that a computer can be called intelligent if it could deceive a human into believing that it was human. • His test—called the Turing test—consists of a person asking a series of questions to both a human subject and a machine. • The questioning is done via a keyboard so that the questioner has no direct interaction. • A machine with true intelligence will pass the Turing test by providing responses that are sufficiently human-like that the questioner cannot determine which responder is human. • A scaled down version of the Turing test, known as the Loebner Prize, requires that machines “converse” with testers only on a limited topic in order to demonstrate their intelligence. Semantic web - Computer Engineering Dept. - Spring 2007

3. Berners-Lee contribution • he showed great insight in providing Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) as a simple easy-to-use Web development language. • As a result, it was rapidly and widely adopted. • To produce Web information required skills that could be learned with a high school level education. • Consequently, personal computing merged with global networking to produce the World Wide Web. • The continuing evolution of the Web into a resource with intelligent features, however, presents many new challenges. • The solution of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is to provide a new Web architecture that uses additional layers of markup languages that can directly apply logic. Semantic web - Computer Engineering Dept. - Spring 2007