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The brain

The brain. 4/21/09. Fig. 49-9. Cerebrum (includes cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei). Telencephalon. Forebrain. Diencephalon. Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus). Midbrain. Mesencephalon. Midbrain (part of brainstem). Metencephalon.

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The brain

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  1. The brain 4/21/09

  2. Fig. 49-9 Cerebrum (includes cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei) Telencephalon Forebrain Diencephalon Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus) Midbrain Mesencephalon Midbrain (part of brainstem) Metencephalon Pons (part of brainstem), cerebellum Hindbrain Myelencephalon Medulla oblongata (part of brainstem) Diencephalon: Cerebrum Mesencephalon Hypothalamus Metencephalon Thalamus Midbrain Pineal gland (part of epithalamus) Myelencephalon Hindbrain Diencephalon Brainstem: Midbrain Pons Spinal cord Pituitary gland Forebrain Medulla oblongata Telencephalon Spinal cord Cerebellum Central canal (c) Adult (a) Embryo at 1 month (b) Embryo at 5 weeks

  3. Fig. 49-9c Cerebrum (includes cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei) Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus) Midbrain (part of brainstem) Pons (part of brainstem), cerebellum Medulla oblongata (part of brainstem) Diencephalon: Cerebrum Hypothalamus Thalamus Pineal gland (part of epithalamus) Brainstem: Midbrain Pons Pituitary gland Medulla oblongata Spinal cord Cerebellum Central canal (c) Adult

  4. Fig. 49-15 Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Somatosensory cortex Motor cortex Somatosensory association area Speech Frontal association area Taste Reading Speech Hearing Visual association area Smell Auditory association area Vision Temporal lobe Occipital lobe

  5. Fig. 49-16 Parietal lobe Frontal lobe Upper arm Shoulder Trunk Head Knee Leg Trunk Neck Hip Elbow Hip Forearm Elbow Wrist Forearm Hand Hand Fingers Fingers Thumb Thumb Eye Neck Nose Brow Face Eye Lips Genitals Toes Face Teeth Gums Jaw Lips Jaw Tongue Tongue Pharynx Primary motor cortex Primary somatosensory cortex Abdominal organs

  6. Fig. 49-17 Max Seeing words Hearing words Min Speaking words Generating words

  7. Fig. 49-19 N1 N1 N2 N2 (a) Synapses are strengthened or weakened in response to activity. (b) If two synapses are often active at the same time, the strength of the postsynaptic response may increase at both synapses.

  8. Fig. 49-20a Ca2+ Na+ Mg2+ Glutamate NMDA receptor (closed) NMDA receptor (open) Stored AMPA receptor (a) Synapse prior to long-term potentiation (LTP)

  9. Fig. 49-20b 1 3 2 (b) Establishing LTP

  10. Fig. 49-20c 3 4 1 2 (c) Synapse exhibiting LTP

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