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Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior. Effects of Extinction Extinction and Original Learning Paradoxical Effects in Extinction. Effects of Extinction. Extinction involves omitting the US or reinforcer. CS alone, no US. R alone, no outcome.

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Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

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  1. Extinction of Conditioned Behavior • Effects of Extinction • Extinction and Original Learning • Paradoxical Effects in Extinction

  2. Effects of Extinction Extinction involves omitting the US or reinforcer • CS alone, no US • R alone, no outcome Two main effects of extinction procedures on behavior • responding decreases • response variability increases

  3. Extinction and Original Learning • Spontaneous Recovery • Rapid Reacquisition • Renewal • Reinstatement

  4. Spontaneous Recovery Extinction 1 Extinction 2 Acquisition Wait Test CS1 – US CS2 – US CS1 – noth CS2 – noth CS1 ? CS2 ? 2 weeks Longer wait after extinction, more spontaneous recovery

  5. Spontaneous Recovery Shows importance of passage of time

  6. Rapid Reacquisition • Re-acquisition after extinction is normally quite rapid. • So, the original learning was preserved somewhere although there was no performance

  7. Renewal CS Test Pairings Extinction 1. Context A Context A 2. Context B Context A 3. No Extinction A return to the context of acquisition after extinction of the CR in a different context causes CR recovery (ABA renewal)

  8. Renewal

  9. Mechanisms • Subjects turn to the context to disambiguate the meaning of the CS • CS->US in acquisition (A) • CS->no US in extinction (B) • Inhibitory association is specific to Context B? • A change in context after extinction of the CR causes CR recovery (ABA renewal) • ABC causes renewal, which suggests a return to Context A is not necessary • AAB renewal • ABC renewal is normally weaker than ABA renewal, so a return to the context of acquisition may play some role

  10. Reinstatement US alone then CS Pairings Extinction Context A1 Context A2 Context A1 A return of contextual excitation reinstates the extinguished CR Context A1= US present sessions Context A2= US absent sessions

  11. Lindblom-Jenkins Effect Unpaired CS and US CS Alone Pairings Context A Context B Context A Removal of unsignaled USs present only in extinction causes recovery of the CR

  12. Reinstatement

  13. Erasure and Reconsolidation • Expose subject to already “CS” for one trial • While subject is thinking about the “CS” and its associated “US”, give them a memory erasure drug, MK501. Memory Erasure

  14. Extinction Paradox • Stronger Learning ≠ Slower Extinction • Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect or PREE

  15. Acquisition with Differing Percentage Schedules 100% 80/50/30% Speed Day

  16. Extinction with DifferingPercentage Schedules Speed 80% 50% 30% 100% Day

  17. Explanations Mowrer-Bitterman Discrimination Hypothesis Amsel’s Frustration Theory (Emotional) Capaldi’s Sequential Theory (Cognitive)

  18. Theios Experiment

  19. Extinction Experiment Speed G3, G4 50% G1, G2 100% Extinction Trials

  20. Amsel’s Frustration Theory

  21. Amsel’s Frustration Theory 100% Reinforcement Group

  22. Amsel’s Frustration Theory 50% Reinforcement Group

  23. Amsel (extinction data) Speed 100% 50% Extinction Trials

  24. Amsel PREE Reversed PREE

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