The Respiratory System

1. The Respiratory System Adam Sylvia, David Lam, Elizabeth Church

2. What is the Respiratory System? • The respiratory system is made up of several organs which alow breathing. The goal of breathing is deliver oxygen to the body and take away carbon dioxide.

3. Organs Involved • Nose • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Lungs • Pharynx • Epiglottis • Alveoli • Diaphragm

4. Nose • Organ where air is inhaled and exhaled through the nostrils. • Cavity is divided in two parts by nasal septum. • Cartilage is the external part of nose while bony shelves make up the inside (Inferior, middle, superior nasal conchae).

5. Larynx • The larynx connects the trachea with three different cartilages, epiglottis, thyroid and cricoid. • The epoglottis is cartilage that prevents food from entering the respiratory system.

6. Trachea & Bronchi • The trachea is a tube-like structure that when split in two gives the left and right bronchi. • The bronchus passage allows air to flow into the lungs. • The left bronchi is shorter than the right and splits into two lobar bronchi. • The right bronchi is divided into three lobar bronchi.

7. Lungs • Provides oxygen for blood which is then carried on to organs • Used to exhale carbon dioxide and waste products • Left lung divided into two lobes: Superior and inferior • Right lung divided into three lobes: Superior, Inferior and Middle • Each lung has a median split and hilus

8. Pharynx • After oxygen is inhaled, goes to pharynx which then goes into the lungs • Also used in the digestive system, where there is a mucous lining that adopts to both food and air. • When air passes through the pharynx it causes the vocal chords to produce sound.

9. Epiglottis • Made of cartilaginous tissue • Located at the back of the tongue and is covered in mucous • Covered with protective, epithlial cells • Prevents food from entering the trachea when swallowing

10. Alveoli • Sac shaped bodies present in the lungs • Found only the lungs of mammals • Involved in the exchange of oxygen and Carbon dioxide between the lungs and the capillaries.

11. Diaphragm • The contraction of the diaphragm enlarges the space of the thoracic cavity that creates a suction; drawing air into the lungs • When the diaphgragn relaxes, air is exhales due to elastic recoil of lungs

12. Asthma • Inflammatory disease of the lungs • Causes swelling of the airways of the lungs: leads to wheezing, coughing , chest tightness and toruble breathing. • Allows less air to the lung tissuea • Common chronic disorder of childhood; heriditary, and environmental factors can lead to asthma

13. Emphysema • Type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPD • Damages the alveoli so the body doesn’t get enough oxygen • Trouble to catch your breath • Can have a chronic cough • Most common cause is cigarette smoking • Treatments include inhalers, oxygen tanks, medications, and surgery

14. Pneumonia • Infection of the lungs • Can happen from bacteria or viruses that are living in your nose, sinuses or mouth and in the lungs. • Can breathe in liquids or vomit that goes into lungs and can allow growth for bacteria • Most common pneumonia causing germ is streptococcus, pneumoniae

15. Works Cited • http://www.buzzle.com/articles/organs-of-the-respiratory-system.html • http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/lung_diseases/about/anatomy/Pages/index.aspx • http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/14-anatomy.htm