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Sustainable Steel Production: Trends, Emissions, and Opportunities

Explore the growth and trade patterns in steel production, emissions sources, and intensity, with insights on reducing emissions through various production routes and innovative technologies. Discover progress and future opportunities for a more sustainable steel industry.

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Sustainable Steel Production: Trends, Emissions, and Opportunities

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  1. Steel • 34% growth in steel production in the last 10 years • 50% of production in OECD, 2003 • Moderate trade – 30% of production traded • Highly fragmented – Top ten companies account for 28% of production • International Iron and Steel Institute

  2. Steel emissions • 5.2% (estimated) of total anthropogenic GHG emissions • Two production routes • integrated & electric arc furnace • Emissions sources • Integrated – fossil fuels: 2.7 tCO2/tSteel • Integrated – electricity: 0-0.2 tCO2/tSteel • Electric furnace – fossil fuels: 0.2 tCO2/tSteel Electric furnace – electricity: 0-0.7 tCO2/tSteel

  3. Integrated and electric furnace steel, production and emissions intensity

  4. Steel CO2 intensities by region, 1995

  5. Scope for progress in steel • Minor improvements through process integration & heat recovery (~2% reduction) • continuous casting • furnace gas recovery and use • coke dry quenching • Short to mid term opportunities • Corex, CCF, Circored, Circofer, HISmelt … (up to 45% reduction in integrated steel emissions) • Long term future • carbon capture and storage (up to 90% reduction) • alternative reductants such as H2 (50–100% reduction)

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