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Steel. 34% growth in steel production in the last 10 years 50% of production in OECD, 2003 Moderate trade – 30% of production traded Highly fragmented – Top ten companies account for 28% of production International Iron and Steel Institute. Steel emissions.
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Steel • 34% growth in steel production in the last 10 years • 50% of production in OECD, 2003 • Moderate trade – 30% of production traded • Highly fragmented – Top ten companies account for 28% of production • International Iron and Steel Institute
Steel emissions • 5.2% (estimated) of total anthropogenic GHG emissions • Two production routes • integrated & electric arc furnace • Emissions sources • Integrated – fossil fuels: 2.7 tCO2/tSteel • Integrated – electricity: 0-0.2 tCO2/tSteel • Electric furnace – fossil fuels: 0.2 tCO2/tSteel Electric furnace – electricity: 0-0.7 tCO2/tSteel
Integrated and electric furnace steel, production and emissions intensity
Scope for progress in steel • Minor improvements through process integration & heat recovery (~2% reduction) • continuous casting • furnace gas recovery and use • coke dry quenching • Short to mid term opportunities • Corex, CCF, Circored, Circofer, HISmelt … (up to 45% reduction in integrated steel emissions) • Long term future • carbon capture and storage (up to 90% reduction) • alternative reductants such as H2 (50–100% reduction)
