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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Dr. Nikunj Bhatt . V.P.& R.P.T.P. SCIENCE COLLEGE. VALLBH VIDYANAGAR. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM MALE. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM MALE. TESTIS AND SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE. SPERMATOGENESIS. REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE. Estrus Cycle. Menstrual Cycle. REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE. Estrus cycle

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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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  1. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Dr. Nikunj Bhatt. V.P.& R.P.T.P. SCIENCE COLLEGE. VALLBH VIDYANAGAR.

  2. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMMALE

  3. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMMALE

  4. TESTIS AND SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE

  5. SPERMATOGENESIS

  6. REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE • Estrus Cycle. • Menstrual Cycle.

  7. REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE • Estrus cycle the regular female reproductive cycle of most placental mammals that is under hormonal control and includes a period of heat, followed by ovulation and complex changes of the uterine lining. in which the endometrium is completely reabsorbed by the animal (covert menstruation) at the end of its reproductive cycle.

  8. REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE • Menstrual Cycle The menstrual cycle is a series of physiological changes that can occur in fertile females. Overt menstruation (where there is blood flow from the uterus through the vagina) occurs primarily in humans and some other animals.

  9. REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

  10. UTERUS

  11. UTERINE LAYERS

  12. OVERY & DEVELOPMENT OF OVA

  13. OOGENESIS

  14. OVULATION AND IMPLANTATION

  15. HORMONES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

  16. MENSTRUAL CYCLE

  17. ROLE OF HORMONES GnRH: The ovarian and uterine cycle are controlled by GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONEsecreted by hypothalamus. FSH: FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE Initiate follicular growth and secretion of estrogens by the growing follicles.

  18. ROLE OF HORMONES LH: LUTEINIZING HORMONE Stimulates the further development of ovarian follicle and their full secretion of estrogens, brings about ovulation, promotes formation of the corpus luteum and stimulates the production of estrogens, progesterone, relaxin and inhibin by corpus luteum

  19. ROLE OF HORMONES ESTROGEN: secreted by follicular cells. 1, secondary sex characters. 2, Increase protein anabolism. 3, Lower blood cholesterol. 4, Moderate level inhibit release of GnRH, FSH, LH.

  20. ROLE OF HORMONES PROGESTERONE: secreted by corpus luteum and act synergistically with estrogen. For implantation. high level inhibit GnRH and LH hCG: similar to LH and rescue corpus luteum

  21. ROLE OF HORMONES RELAXIN: secreted by corpus luteum 1,Inhibit contractions of uterine smooth muscle. 2, during labor, relaxes pubic symphasis and dilates uterine cervix. INHIBIN: inhibit release of FSH and to lesser extend LH

  22. MENSTRUAL CYCLE • Four phases in female reproductive cycle. 1, Menstrual phase. 2, Preovulatory phase. 3, Ovulation. 4, Postovulatory Phase.

  23. MENSTRUAL CYCLEMenstrual phase 1, Menstrual phase: Menses = month. for first 5 days. Events in ovary: 20 or more small secondary follicles begin to enlarge. Filled by fluid from granulosa cells or oozing from blood. Oocyte remain near the edge of the follicle.

  24. MENSTRUAL CYCLEMenstrual phase • Events in Uterus: Menstrual flow-50-150 ml. Decline level of ovarian hormones- progesterone Release of prostaglandins-constrict arteries and oxygen supply deprive and cells start dyeing.

  25. MENSTRUAL CYCLE preovulatory phase 2, preovulatory phase: (Follicular phase) from 6th day-13th day. Under the influence of FSH. Estrogens and inhibindecrease secretion of FSH. One dominant follicle become mature. LH increase .

  26. MENSTRUAL CYCLEpreovulatory phase • Events in uterus: (Proliferative phase) Estrogen level increase in blood Stratum basalis start dividing and proliferation of stratum functionalis. Arteries penitrate into stratum functionalis. Become 4-10 mm.

  27. MENSTRUAL CYCLEovulation • The rupture of mature follicle and release of secondary oocyte in pelvic cavity on 14th day. • Hold on metaphase II • Positive feedback of estrogen increase GnRH LH & FSH. • Follicle become corpus hemorrhage. • Clot absorbed and become corpus luteum.

  28. MENSTRUAL CYCLEpostovulatory phase 4, postovulatory phase: (luteal phase) 15th -28th days • Events in one ovary. • All hormones decline and negative feed back suppress ovarian hormones.

  29. MENSTRUAL CYCLEpostovulatory phase • Events in uterus: under the influence of progesterone and estrogen growth of endometrial glands(for glycogen secretion) and become thick upto 12-18 mm • If fertilization does not occur corpus luteum degenerate and prgestarone and estrogen declne and menstrual flow starts.

  30. MENSTRUAL CYCLE

  31. FERTILIZATION • Hyaluronidase is the Hormone which Digest Vitelline membrane

  32. IMPLANTATION • 6 day embryo in Uterus

  33. DEVELOPMENT • Development in Uterine cavity

  34. MATERNAL CHANGES • Hormonal Changes: • Corpus luteum continues to secrete Progesterone and Estrogen • After 3rd month Placenta it self secrete high Progesterone and Estrogen • Prevent menstruation Also Secretes • hCG • Relaxin • hCS [human chorionic somatomammotropin] • Also called hPL

  35. MATERNAL CHANGES • Physical Changes • Increases in blood sugar, breathing, and cardiac output are required • During the second trimester, morning sickness subsides, the uterus expands up to 20 times its normal size and movement of the fetus may be felt.

  36. References • www.google.com • Physiology –tortora. • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

  37. THANK YOU

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