Section 13-5 “Cycles ”

1. Section 13-5“Cycles” Write everything that isunderlined

2. KEY CONCEPT: Matter cycles in and out of an ecosystem.

3. precipitation condensation transpiration evaporation surface runoff lake water storage in ocean groundwater seepage I. The Water Cycle1. The hydrologic, orwater cycle is the circular pathway of water on Earth.

4. 2. Key terms for the water cycle: • Precipitation: moisture that falls to the ground (rain, snow, sleet, hail) • Evaporation: changing from liquid to gas (water to water vapor) • Transpiration: plants give off water vapor from their leaves to the air • Condensation: changing from gas to a liquid(little water droplets form on the outside of a cold glass of lemonade - that’s condensation)

5. II. Oxygen Cycle: 1. Plants make food byphotosynthesis • They use carbon dioxide (CO2) to make oxygen (O2) 2. Animals breathe out carbon by respiration • They use oxygen (O2) and breathe out carbon dioxide (CO2) • By the way … humans are animals too

6. oxygen photosynthesis respiration carbon dioxide Example: Oxygen Cycle:

7. Activity • Draw, label, color, and explain the water cycle and oxygen cycles on a sheet of paper. • Page 413 figure 13.12 & 13.13 • Due tomorrow

8. III. Carbon Cycle 1. Carbon is the building block of life. • The carbon cycle moves carbon from the atmosphere, through the food web, and returns to the atmosphere. • Carbon is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels (like oil, gasoline, and coal)

9. carbon dioxide in air respiration combustion photosynthesis respiration photosynthesis decomposition of organisms carbon dioxide dissolved in water fossil fuels Carbon Cycle: notice photosynthesis and respiration are back … they both involve CO2 (now we’re looking at the C for carbon)

10. nitrogen in atmosphere animals plant nitrates nitrogen-fixing bacteria in roots decomposers nitrifying bacteria ammonification nitrites nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil ammonium nitrifying bacteria denitrifying bacteria IV. The Nitrogen Cycle • The nitrogen cycle mostly takes place underground. • Some bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia through a process called nitrogen fixation. • Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live innodules on theroots of plants;others livefreely inthe soil.

11. nitrogen in atmosphere animals plant nitrates nitrogen-fixing bacteria in roots decomposers nitrifying bacteria ammonification nitrites nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil ammonium nitrifying bacteria denitrifying bacteria • Ammonia released into the soil is transformed into ammonium. • Nitrifying bacteria change the ammonium into nitrate. • Nitrogen moves through the foodweb and returnsto the soil duringdecomposition.

12. rain geologic uplifting weathering of phosphate from rocks runoff plants animals phosphate in soil phosphate in solution leaching sedimentation forms new rocks decomposers • V. Phosphate Cycle • Phosphateis released by the weathering of rocks. • Phosphorus leaches into groundwater from the soil and is locked in sediments. • Both mining and agriculture add phosphorus into the environment.

13. Activity • Draw, label, color, and explain the Carbon and Nitrogen cycles on a sheet of paper. • Page 414-115 figure 13.14 & 13.15 • Due tomorrow

14. Review Questions 13.5 Cycling of Matter • What is the key concept of this unit? • Define the key terms for the water cycle. • What do plants take in and then give out. What do animals take in and give out? • How does the carbon cycle move carbon? • Where is carbon emitted? • Where does the nitrogen cycle take place • What are phosphates released by?