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THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH. AP Gov’t UNIT VI “Mile-a-Minute Mini Lecture”. Chapter 12: Congress. I. The Representatives and Senators pg. 354 A. The Job B. The Members of Congress II. Congressional Elections pg. 357 A. Who Wins Elections? Senators v. Reps. B. The Advantages of Incumbents
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THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH AP Gov’t UNIT VI “Mile-a-Minute Mini Lecture”
Chapter 12: Congress I. The Representatives and Senators pg. 354 • A. The Job • B. The Members of Congress II. Congressional Elections pg. 357 • A. Who Wins Elections? Senators v. Reps. • B. The Advantages of Incumbents • “WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS” = you need this handout! • Advertizing • Credit-claiming through casework & pork barrel • Position-taking • Weak opponents
Chapter 12: Congress • C. The Role of Party Identification • D. Defeating Incumbents • Scandal / redistricting / political tidal wave • E. Money in Congressional Elections: PAC’s & incumbents • F. Stability and Change • Time for term limits?
Chapter 12: Congress III. How Congress is Organized to Make Policy pg. 364 “WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT LAWMAKING” = you need this handout! • A. American Bicameralism “WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE HOUSE & THE SENATE” = you need this handout! • Senate: treaties, confirmations, trying impeached officials, filibuster & cloture • House: starts revenue bills • B. Congressional Leadership • Speaker of the House, VP, Senate Majority Leader, House Majority Leader, House & Senate Minority Leaders & Whips
Chapter 12: Congress • C. The Committees and Subcommittees • Standing Committees / Conference Committees / Select Committees • Marked up bills & legislative oversight = work of the committee • Seniority rule & the power of the chairperson • D. Caucuses: The Informal Organization of Congress • Internal interest groups • E. Congressional Staff • DC & district staff & staff for each committee • General Accounting Office • Congressional Budget Office
Chapter 12: Congress IV. The Congressional Process pg. 378 • A. Introduction • B. Presidents and Congress: Partners and Protagonists • C. Party, Constituency, and Ideology • Trustee v. informed delegate • D. Lobbyists and Interest Groups V. Understanding Congress pg. 383 • A. Congress and Democracy • B. Reforming Congress: exceptions to seniority rule • C. Congress and the Scope of Government
Chapter 14: Congress, the President & the Politics of Taxing & Spending I. Introduction pg. 434 • Burdens (taxes) v. benefits (expenditures) II. Sources of Federal Revenue pg. 437 • A. Income Tax – 16th Amendment • B. Social Insurance Taxes • Paid by employees & employers into the Social Security Trust Fund • C. Borrowing • Bonds – 11% of budget = interest • D. Taxes and Public Policy • Tax loophole v. tax expenditure v. tax reform
Chapter 14: Congress, the President & the Politics of Taxing & Spending III. Federal Expenditures pg. 444 • A. Big Governments, Big Budgets • B. The Rise and Decline of the National Security State • C. The Rise of the Social Service State • D. Why is the federal budget so hard to control? • Incrementalism • “Uncontrollable” Expenditures: entitlements • A.K.A. Mandatory v. discretionary spending
Chapter 14: Congress, the President & the Politics of Taxing & Spending IV. The Budgetary Process pg. 452 • A. Budgetary Politics • Prez & OMB • Congress & CBO • Interest Groups & Agencies • Congressional Committees & GAO • B. The President’s Budget
Chapter 14: Congress, the President & the Politics of Taxing & Spending • C. Congress and the Budget: Congressional Budget & Impoundment Control Act of 1974 • Timeline & Budget Resolution • Authorization v. appropriations bills • Continuing Resolutions V. Understanding Budgeting pg. 460 • A. Democracy and Budgeting • Politicians can “spend” money to “buy” votes • B. The Budget and the Scope of Government • Voters want low taxes, a balanced budget & generous social welfare programs = big deficits!
