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Cells: Plant vs. Animal Structures & Functions

Learn about the basic structures and functions of plant and animal cells. Identify major parts like nucleus, membrane, and cytoplasm. Compare and contrast these cells. Explore cell vocabulary and differences between cells.

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Cells: Plant vs. Animal Structures & Functions

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  1. Cells Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Ms. Schiavone

  2. In this lesson, we will… • Distinguish between the basic structures and functions of plant and animal cells. (GLE 0507.1.1) • Identify the major parts of plant and animal cells, such as, the nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, and cytoplasm. (SPI 0507.1.1) • Compare and contrast basic structures and functions of plant and animal cells. (SPI 0507.1.2)

  3. organism unicellular multicellular chlorophyll cell cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus cell wall Lesson 1 Vocabulary

  4. Name some things that have parts. • A house • A school • Football stadium • A hospital • A car • A clock

  5. What are the parts of a school? • Cafeteria • Library • Office • Classrooms • Bathrooms • Gymnasium • Auditorium • Band room How are these rooms used?

  6. What is the difference between… A frog cell and an plant cell?

  7. What are cells? • An organism is a living thing made of the same tiny building blocks called cells. • Cells are the smallest unit of living things that can carry out the basic processes of life.

  8. What are Cells? • Cells come from other cells dividing or splitting into other cells.

  9. What are cells? • Unicellular, or one-celled, organisms are made up of a single cell that carries out its life processes. • Life processes include growing, getting food, reproducing, and responding to the environment.

  10. What are cells? • Cells that have many cells are called multicellular. • Multicellular organisms include frogs, trees, and YOU! • In multicellular organisms, each cell has its own job to do.

  11. What are cells? • Cells of multicellular organisms work together to take care of different functions of the organism. • Example: Heart muscle cells work together to keep your heart beating.

  12. What are cells? • Scientist have identified more than 1 ½ million different kinds of organisms. • They estimate that there are more than 1 billion kinds of unicellular organisms.

  13. Question # 1 All organisms, or living things, are made of __________. • Organisms • Cells • Cool stuff • unicellular

  14. Question # 2 Every cell in every living thing comes from another cell that ______________. • Had a baby • Was here at the beginning of time • Splits or divides • Was created

  15. Question # 3 A single-celled organism that can carry on all its life processes is called ____________. • unicellular • One of a kind • One multicellular • cell

  16. Question # 4 Organisms made up of more than one cell are called ________________. • Unicellular • One of a kind • Multicellular • Cell

  17. Question # 5 Scientists have identified more than ________ different kinds of organisms. • 1,000,000 • 1,000,000,000 • 100 • cells

  18. Question # 6 Scientists estimate there may be more than ________ kinds of unicellular organisms. • 1 million • 1 billion • 1 hundred • 10

  19. What is inside the animal cell? • All organisms are made of cells. • Your body has more than 200 different kinds of cells. • Plant and animal cells have several basic structures, called organelles, to help them perform life processes.

  20. mitochondria nucleus cytoplasm vacuoles Cell membrane What is inside an animal cell? • Animal Cell Organelles: • Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Vacuoles

  21. What is inside an animal cell? • Cell Membrane • Flexible wrapping surrounding animal cells • Gives the cell shape • Controls what materials move into and out of the cell • Only certain material are able to enter and leave the cell Cell membrane

  22. What is inside an animal cell? • Cytoplasm • Gel-like liquid that fills cells • Made of mostly water • A variety of organelles float in the cytoplasm • Supports cell’s structures • Constantly moves like a stream • Some cell life processes take place in the cytoplasm cytoplasm

  23. What is inside an animal cell? • Nucleus: • Cell’s controlcenter – the BOSS! • Large, round organelle • Usually in the center of the cell • Has a membrane with pores, or openings, to allow certain materials to pass in or out • Sends signals to all other parts of the cell with instructions nucleus

  24. What is inside an animal cell? • Mitochondria: • Oval, membrane- covered organelle • Supplies energy for the cell • Tiny power plant • Break down food, which releases energy for the cell • Some cells use more energy than others • Cells requiring more energy usually have many mitochondria mitochondria

  25. What is inside an animal cell? • Vacuole: • Used for storage • Stores water, food, and wastes • Nucleus can signal the vacuole to release whatever it is storing • Some animal cells have smallvacuoles • Some animal cells may not have any vacuoles vacuoles

  26. Question # 7 Both plant and animal cells perform life processes by using ___________. • Its parts • Cell division • organelles • multicellular

  27. Question # 8 All cells are surrounded by a(n) _________ that controls the materials that move in and out of the cell. • mitochondria • Cell membrane • nucleus • vacuole

  28. Question # 9 The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus is filled with ________. • mitochondria • Cell membrane • nucleus • cytoplasm

  29. Question # 10 The cell’s control center is called the ________. • mitochondria • Cell membrane • nucleus • cytoplasm

  30. mitochondria nucleus cytoplasm vacuoles cell membrane Draw and label a diagram of an animal cell.

  31. Lab:What substances affect cell membranes? Inquiry Skill: Experiment • Follow the steps on pages 36-37 in your text to complete the experiment. • Record your findings in your scientist notebook.

  32. cell membrane nucleus vacuole cytoplasm cell wall chloroplasts What is inside the plant cell? • Plant cells • have many of the same organelles as animal cells. • often have a box-like shape • are often a bit larger than animal cells • have additional organelles that animal cells do not have mitochondria

  33. cell membrane nucleus vacuole cytoplasm cell wall chloroplasts What is inside the plant cell? • Plant cell organelles • Nucleus • Cell membrane • Vacuole • Cytoplasm • Mitochondria • Chloroplast • Cell wall mitochondria

  34. What is inside the plant cell? • Cell wall • Additional outer covering, outside the cell membrane • Stiff structure • Provides strength and extra support cell wall

  35. What is inside the plant cell? vacuole • Vacuole • Unlike animal cells, plants usually have oneLARGE central vacuole. • Stores excess water to keep the plant from drying out • Releases extra water when the plant needs it • Provides extra support

  36. What is inside the plant cell? • Chloroplast • Plants make their own food inside chloroplasts • Green structure • Energy from the sunlight is used to producefood for the plant inside the chloroplast • Plants are green because they contain a greenchemical, chlorophyll chloroplasts

  37. What is inside the plant cell? • Chloroplast • Chlorophyll is able to use the energy in sunlight to make food • Plants that do not have chloroplasts (with the greenchemicalchlorophyll), are notgreen. • Chloroplasts are mainly found in the cells of leaves and stems of plants. chloroplasts

  38. Question # 11 The food making factory of plants is the ______________. • mitochondria • chloroplast • nucleus • cytoplasm

  39. Question # 12 The green chemical inside the chloroplast is called __________. • cytoplasm • chloroplast • nucleus • chlorophyll

  40. Question # 13 Chloroplast use energy from the ________ to make food. • vacuole • mitochondria • sun • chlorophyll

  41. Question # 14 Which organelle does the plant cell have but the animal does not? • vacuole • mitochondria • cell wall • cytoplasm

  42. Question # 15 Which organelle does the plant cell have but the animal does not? • chloroplast • mitochondria • cell membrane • cytoplasm

  43. Question # 16 Which organelle is the control center for the plant? • chloroplast • mitochondria • nucleus • vacuole

  44. Question # 17 Which organelle supplies energy for the cell? • chloroplast • mitochondria • nucleus • vacuole

  45. cellmembrane nucleus vacuole cytoplasm cellwall chloroplasts mitochondria Draw and label a diagram of a plant cell.

  46. Draw a Venn Diagram showing the similarities and differences of plant and animal cells. Plant cells Animal cells

  47. How are cells organized? • Unicellularorganisms – have only onecell that performsalllifeprocesses. • Multicellularorganisms – contains manydifferent types of cells that have specificfunctions.

  48. How are cells organized? • Similar cells working together at the same job, or function, form a tissue. • A group of tissues that work together to perform a special function form an organ. cell tissue organ organ system

  49. How are cells organized? • Organs that work together to perform a certain function make up an organ system. • All of the cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems form an organism. cell tissue organ organ system

  50. Question # 18 Organs that work together to do a certain job are called a(n) ______________. • cell • tissue • organ • organ system

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