Independent and Subordinate Clauses/Types of Sentences

Independent and Subordinate Clauses/Types of Sentences

Directions: • Clean sheet of paper, head page “Clauses/Types of Sentences, Notes, and Examples”. • Take notes from each slide by writing:(can use pens, highlighters, etc.) • Rule Number and Rule in title of that slide for #1-#22 • 1 example sentence from each slide. • Sticky Note Checks: one check per sticky note (4 checks) • Test will be next week using these rules in context. • Notes will be taken up tomorrow for a grade. **This powerpoint is posted on my webpage so that you can go back and add parts that you didn’t have a chance to finish in class.

1. Clauses • A clause is a phrase of words that has a subject and a verb. • Marco Polo lived in China and learned about the culture. (Subject, Verb) • When I went swimming, (Signal Word, subject, verb) There are two types of clauses: independent and subordinate.

2. Independent Clauses: • a subject and verb • be able to stand alone • can be called a simple sentence • All sentences have at least one independent clause • Ex. The swimming hole was dark and muddy, and we sometimes saw snakes. (When I Was Young in the Mountains)

3. Subordinate Clauses • signal word, subject, verb • Can’t stand alone • used to give more detail to the independent clause that it modifies. • Not a sentence • Starts with an AAAWWUBBIS Signal word/Subordinate Conjunction such as that, because, or while. • Ex. I went swimmingbecause I was wanting to cool off. • In this example, the subordinate gives the reason why the subject, I, went swimming.

4. Subordinate Clause to Independent Clause • Take off the subordinate conjunction signal word • Ex. subordinate clause=When I was little, Ex. Independent clause=I was little.

5. Independent Clause to Subordinate Clause • Add a subordinate conjunction to the independent clause to make it subordinate. Ex. Independent clause=I wish…. Ex. Subordinate Clause=If I wish,

6. Subordinate Clause signal words: • Begin each subordinate clause • Comma Causers • Causes the clause to not stand alone or be independent. • Subordinate Conjunctions (see handout and Writer’s Fix list)) • AAAWWUBBIS signal words (extra credit)

7. Most Commonly usedSubordinating Conjunctions AAAWWUBBIS Signal Words(Acronym) • After If • Although Since • As • When • While • Until • Before • Because

8.Subordinating ConjunctionsSubordinate Clause Signal Words: • After because that wherever • Although before though whether • As how unless which • As if if until while • As long as since when who • As much as so that whenever whom • As though than where whose Analyze: Which of these words are also prepositions?

9. Prepositions:(copy the 5 that can be preps and subordinating conjunctions) aboard Between Past About Beyond Since Above By Through Across Down Throughout After During Till Against Except To Along For Toward Among From Under Around In Underneath At Into Until Before Like Up Behind Of Upon Below Off With Beneath On Within Beside Over Without

10. Venn Diagram: Prepositional Phrase or Subordinate Clause?: Draw a Venn Diagram: PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: • Starts with a preposition • Ends with an object • Has no subject and verb combination • has a noun=object of preposition • Can NOT stand alone • Is not a sentence SUBORDINATE CLAUSE: • Signal word, subject, and verb • Can not stand alone • Is not a sentence

11. Introductory Subordinate Clauses: • Use a comma for every introductory subordinate clause. • What other introductory element do you need a comma after it? Ex. After it rains, it is usually wise to wear mud boots. Ex. When we camp, we love to fix a big breakfast first thing in the morning.

Sticky Note Check #11. Phrase or 2.Clause? 1.Before the game 2.Before I finish 3.After Christmas 4.After I open presents 5.Since I ran 6.Since the game 7.Until I walk 8.Until dinner

Sticky Note Check #2 Phrase or Clause? 1.After the game, I will go home and finish my homework. 2.Before I finish my homework, I will eat dinner with my family. 3. Since I am going home now, I will need to call my dad so that he can pick me up. 4. Before you leave the house, you should make sure you’ve eaten a healthy breakfast. 5.When she arrived, the ferry had already left for the island. 6. After the game, the winning team shook hands with the losing team.

12. Rude Subordinate Clauses: • Sometimes a subordinate clause will interrupt an independent clause: • Always use a comma before the signal word in the subordinate clause • Always use a comma after the last word in the subordinate clause. • Ex. Dr. Ash, who is our school principal, always want his students to do their best.

13. Simple Sentences: • One independent clause • No subordinate clauses • May have a compound subject • May have a compound verb • May have a compound subject and compound verb • Ex. My mother loves to visit the library. • Ex. Washington and Oregon are two states in the United States. • Ex. Mrs. Tipton read The Giver and told her class about it.

14. Compound Sentence: • 2 related independent clauses usually joined by : • 1. a comma and coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) 2. a semicolon with no conjunction. Ex. I had worked hard all evening; I still had not finished by bedtime.

15. Coordinating Conjunctions &Compound Sentences: • Coordinating conjunctions usually connect 2 independent clauses • Coordinating conjunctions: • For And NorBut Or Yet So = FANBOYS Ex. I forgot my backpack at home, but Dad brought it to school for me.

16. “Finger Block” to check for compound sentence: • A good way to see if the sentence you’re reading is a compound sentence is to finger block the comma and coordinating conjunction. • Example: The hairy dog was very dirty, soI gave him a bath. • Finger block the coordinating conjunction , so and read the independent clauses,

17.Complex Sentences: • Only one independent clause and • at least one subordinate clause. (Can have several subordinate clauses). Ex. When you are looking at a work by Monet, stand back at least fifteen or twenty feet. Ex. Bring an extra shirt with you if you have one.

18. Complex Sentences: • While I was washing the laundry, Jill found her lost green striped sock. • Bill’s favorite TV host is Mike Rowe, whostars in the Discovery Channel show Dirty Jobs.

19. Compound-Complex Sentences • 2 or more independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause. Ex. Laura picked up the branches that had fallen during the storm, and Ronnie mowed the grass. Ex. The men escaped the ice in small boats, and they landed on Elephant Island, where they lived in a makeshift camp.

Sticky Note Check #3:Real Literature: 1.During the afternoon, Timothy was busy, and we didn’t talk much. 2.I stayed by him the rest of the long afternoon while he slept. 3. When he awakened, it was early evening and had turned cool again. 4.He was breathing easily now, and I knew the fever had broken because his forehead was no longer hot. • The Cay by: Theodore Taylor

20. Relative Pronouns • Signal a subordinate clause • Can be BOTH the signal word and subject of subordinate clause • Relative Pronouns: That Which Who Whom Whose whoever Marie, who is an excellent cook, fixed the food for the party.

21.Subordinate Clause “that” • If “that” begins the sentence, it is not going to be signaling a subordinate clause; it is going to be used as a relative pronoun (subject of sentence or an adjective). • Ex. That is a beautiful sweater.= (subject of independent clause) • Ex. That sweater is beautiful. (adjective)

22.Subordinate Clause “that”: • When “that” comes later in the sentence, it is usually going to signal a subordinate clause. • “That” never needs a comma when used as a subordinate clause. Why? “That” is not a “Comma Causers”. Ex. The art paper that you are using really soaks up ink.

Sticky Note Check #4:“Name that Sentence” • Slides 33-42 are the “Sticky Note Check Slides”. • Number 1-10. Write a, b, c, or d for the correct answer. • No notes are needed….just write the correct answer on the sticky note.

“Name that Sentence” 1. Which sentence is a complex sentence? a. I ate a lot of pancakes, so I was too full to eat my lunch. c. The phone rang , so I had to quickly answer it before it was too late. d. He likes bowling, but he wasn’tavailable that weekend to go with us. b. When Kim forcefully threw the baseball, it crashed through the neighbor’s window.

“Name that Sentence” 2. Choose the complex sentence. a. Lucy had a soccer game Wednesday, but it was cancelled because of rain. b. Because the computers were going crazy, I wrote my questions on a piece of paper. c. Jamie was feeling sick, so she had to go home. d. Robert wanted to buy a cherry Coke, but he couldn’t find a vending machine.

“Name that Sentence” 3. Choose the compound sentence. a. While Rose was at the store, David got the house ready for the surprise party. b. A boy was running and bumped into me, so I dropped my books. c. After I go to Target, I have to drive to Wal-mart to buy milk and eggs. d. When my mom made brownies, she put too many eggs in the mix.

“Name that Sentence” 4. Choose the complex sentence. a. You can stay home and write your essay, or you can come with me to McDonalds. b. I had to run back to my locker when I forgot a book for class. c. The cat was under my bed, but she eventually crept out. d. I has a cheeseburger and a Coke for lunch, so I’m full and happy.

“Name that Sentence” 5. Choose the complex sentence. a. I went to the party after I had gotten ready. b. The car swerved toward the curb, and it almost knocked over a street post! c. Lisa, tie your shoe, or you’ll trip and hurt yourself. d. I brought a grocery list to the store, but I forgot the potato chips.

6. Which coordinating conjunction makes this sentence correct? I can have a juicy apple, ___ I can choose a tangy orange. a. or b. so c. but d. nor

7. Which subordinating conjunction signal word makes the sentence correct? __ you go to the store, please get me some delicious candy bars. a. since b. when c. as d. while

8. Which coordinating conjunction makes this sentence correct? I was going to take the dog for a walk,___ it started to rain so I couldn’t go. a. so b. and c. but d. for

9. Which coordinating conjunction makes the sentence correct? Billy is going on vacation tomorrow, ___ he won’t be able to come. a. but b. for c. and d. so

10. Which signal word makes the sentence correct? I read a very interesting book ___ was about the historical woman Rosa Parks. a. who b. when c. that d. if

Independent and Subordinate Clauses/Types of Sentences