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Human Trafficking

Human Trafficking. Bo Anderson Kyle Conzett Molly Moerer. Define Human Trafficking. “An act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring or receiving persons through a use of force, threat, coercion or other means, for the purpose of exploitation.”.

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Human Trafficking

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  1. Human Trafficking Bo Anderson Kyle Conzett Molly Moerer

  2. Define Human Trafficking • “An act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring or receiving persons through a use of force, threat, coercion or other means, for the purpose of exploitation.” http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/what-is-human-trafficking.html

  3. Main Concerns • Human Rights • Rape, forced abortions, starvation, torture • Health • Difficult to detect/prosecute

  4. Main origins of human trafficking

  5. Main destinations of human trafficking

  6. Country Tier Ratings

  7. Data

  8. Data

  9. Data • People are reported to be trafficked from 127 countries to be exploited in 137 countries, affecting every continent and every type of economy • Estimated global annual profits made from the exploitation of all trafficked forced labor are US$ 31.6 billion

  10. Data- Victims • An estimated 2.5 million people are in forced labor (including sexual exploitation) at any given time as a result of trafficking • An estimated 1.2 million children are trafficked each year

  11. Data- Prosecutions • In 2006 there were only 5,808 prosecutions and 3,160 convictions throughout the world • This means that for every 800 people trafficked, only one person was convicted in 2006

  12. Review of Studies • Overlapping Subject Matter: • Poor Data Quality • Reasons for • Possible solutions • Inconsistencies among Countries/NGO’s • Methods for data collection • Analysis of statistics

  13. Developing Better Indicators of Human Trafficking (Laczko & Gramegna) “… despite the growing literature on human trafficking, much of the information on the actual number of persons trafficked is unclear and relatively few studies are based on extensive research”

  14. Why? • Until recently no common definition • December 2000 • Definition from the first slide • Law enforcement not monitoring local sex industry • Underfunding on agencies • Origin countries are poor • Each agency gathers info to needs

  15. Balkans Data • Half were aged 18-24 • 13% were children • 1% under 14 • <10% married • 2 in 3 came from urban areas • 73% poor • 494 out of 826 friend/ acquaintance • 41% female • 75% offered work abroad • 54% no income for sexual acts

  16. Describing the Unobserved • Hidden Populations (Heckathorn 97) • Phone survey of prostitutes • High Success Rate • Crime Reports

  17. Human Trafficking by David A. Feingold • Tightening Borders can actually increase trafficking • Evidence that legalization of prostitution could lessen trafficking • More trafficking for labor vs. sex • Different definition; smuggling

  18. Recommendations to PreventHuman Trafficking • Emphasis on economic development strategies • Address trafficking in corporate structures • Use Brazilian model • Promote Awareness • Improve oversight of Government Contractors

  19. Recommendations for Protection of Victims • Victims should receive appropriate accommodations • Develop educational and training materials for law enforcement

  20. Recommendations for Prosecution of Human Traffickers • Strengthen training for law enforcement • Human Trafficking Protection Unit receives all funds needed • Seek full resources for federal investigation and prosecution

  21. Sources • http://www.freetheslaves.net/Document.Doc?id=96 • http://www.unodc.org/pdf/india/presentations/human_trafficking_prevention_control.pdf • http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/what-is-human-trafficking.html?ref=menuside • http://www.childtrafficking.com/Docs/laczko_gramegna_2003__devel.pdf • http://www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/data_and_research_on_human_trafficking_a_global_survey_iom.pdf#page=19 • http://www.hrusa.org/workshops/trafficking/ThinkAgain.pdf • http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4173&context=flr&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fq%3DHuman%2BTrafficking%26hl%3Den%26btnG%3DSearch%26as_sdt%3D1%252C16#search=%22Human%20Trafficking%22 • http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=2372 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_trafficking

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