Individual differences in independent behaviou r

1. Individual differences in independent behaviour

2. Looking at the role of personality

3. Locus of control Internal control • People who attribute or admit to their success and failures in life (I made this happen) External • People who feel that outside influences control their actions and life decisions (its not up to me really, it was just luck)

4. Characteristics with relevance to independent behaviour Internally controlled people are more likely to… • Seek new information and not rely on the opinions of others. • More achievement orientated. • Resist coercion from others. • Be more independent and show independent behaviour

5. Support for internal control and leadership Anderson and Schneier (1978) • supported the idea that Internal controlled people, emerge as group leaders. (environment)

6. Characteristics with relevance to independent behaviour External People are more likely to • Believe in superstition, fate, luck. • Believe outside factors can control their lives. • Be more open to influence.

7. Evaluation of Locus Of Control Twenge (2004) Meta Analysis • Analysed young American's from 1960’s – 2002, he suggested that the general feeling is now more personalities are external controlled. Why? Culture – Divorce, drama, violent crimes, Personal – loss of self control, depression, mental health, suicide,

8. Significant Gender Differences Linz and Semykina (2005) • Data survey collected from 2600 Russian Employee’s between 2000 and 2003. • Men where more likely to have internal focus and a need for challenge. women are more likely to exhibit an external locus and have a need for recognition. • Earnings played no part in earnings for men but did in women (as a measure for success)

9. http://www.psych.uncc.edu/pagoolka/locusofcontrol-intro.html

10. Attributional Style • Personality is formed from particular events/experiences in our lives. • People are faced with success or failure we make casual attributions about the events and learn from the experience (attributional style)

11. Three components to A.S • Personal (dispositional vs situational) 2. Permanent (i.estable vs unstable) 3. Pervasive (global vs local)

12. Positive and Negative Attributional styles • Negative (academic failure) Dispostional • Positive explanatory style Situational (blame other factors on their behaviour)

13. Exam Question “people do not always obey or conform, sometimes they are able to resist such pressures” Q1) Discuss research into the influence that locus of control has on independent behaviour.

14. DECRIBE Ao1 Locus of control • High internals • Externals • Then tie it together eg; this is why some individuals who are low in externality are more likely to display independent behaviour.

15. EVALUATION A02 Twenge(2004) Meta Analysis • Analysed young American's from 1960’s – 2002 suggesting association with decreased self control, poor school achievement and depression. Then give the reasons for that trend. Culture/Personal • Gender differences in independent behaviour Linz and Semykina (2005) Data survey collected from 2600 Russian Employee’s between 2000 and 2003.