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Chapter 9 Population Distribution and Abundance

Chapter 9 Population Distribution and Abundance. Northern Gannet. Late Spring – Mid-Summer. Late Summer – Early Spring. Across the Atlantic …. POPULATION. Population: All the individuals of a Given Species in a Defined Area. Distribution.

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Chapter 9 Population Distribution and Abundance

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  1. Chapter 9 Population Distribution and Abundance Northern Gannet

  2. Late Spring – Mid-Summer

  3. Late Summer – Early Spring

  4. Across the Atlantic …

  5. POPULATION Population: All the individuals of a Given Species in a Defined Area

  6. Distribution Distribution: Size, Shape and Location of the area it occupies

  7. ABUNDANCE Abundance: Total Number of Individuals of Northern Gannet in a Defined Area.

  8. DENSITY 60 Birds in Box 50 m Density: Number of Individuals per Unit Area

  9. Distribution: Large Scale Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)

  10. Distribution: Large Scale Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)

  11. POPULATION 26 Saguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea)

  12. Distribution: Large Scale Saguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea)

  13. Distribution: Large Scale Saguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea) 27 Forrest Shreve (1878-1950)

  14. Distribution: Large Scale Saguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea)

  15. Distribution: Large Scale Saguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea) ? ? ?

  16. DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale TIGER BEETLE (Cicindela longilabris) 32 Fig. 9.3 in Molles 2008

  17. DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale Fig. 9.4 in Molles 2006

  18. NORTH AMERICA VEGETATION TYPES

  19. Distribution: Medium Scale Elevation Gradients (Zonation) Gila River Valley

  20. Distribution: Elevation Gradients 26 25 White Fir 24 Ponderosa Pine 23 Pinon Pine (Trees of the Gila National Forest) Arizona Sycamore

  21. Distribution: Small Scale Intertidal Gradients (Zonation) NICHE: Environmental Limits of a Species

  22. Fundamental Niche (Red) FUNDAMENTAL NICHE: Physical Conditions under which a Species Might Live IN ABSENCE OF COMPETITION FROM OTHER SPECIES

  23. Fundamental Niche (Green) REALIZED NICHE: Physical Conditions under which a Species Might Live LIMITED BY BIOTIC INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER SPECIES

  24. DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale Temporal Variation Sugar Maple ~ 20,000 Years Ago Eastern Hemlock

  25. DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale Temporal Variation Eastern Hemlock Sugar Maple

  26. DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale Temporal Variation European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) 39

  27. 34 DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale Temporal Variation EUROPEAN STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris)

  28. PATTERN Regular (= Uniform) Pattern 1 Creosote (Larrea tridentata) 2

  29. PATTERN Regular (= Uniform) Pattern 10

  30. PATTERN Clumped (= Aggregated) Pattern 4 6 Parry’s Agave (Agave parryi)

  31. DISTRIBUTION: Small Scale Clumped (= Aggregated) Pattern Willdebeast Cliff Swallow

  32. DISTRIBUTION: Small Scale Clumped (= Aggregated) Pattern 12 13 Cottonwood Mistletoe (Phoradendron macrophyllum)

  33. DISTRIBUTION: Small Scale Random Pattern Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)

  34. DISTRIBUTION: Small Scale Random Pattern 9

  35. DISTRIBUTION: Small Scale Pattern: Random, Regular, Clumped Fig. 9-10 in Molles 2006

  36. Temporal Variation in Pattern Clumped Random Creosote (Larrea tridentata) Uniform

  37. Temporal Variation in Pattern Creosote (Larrea tridentata) Fig. 9.13 in Molles 2006

  38. PATTERN: Small Scale Mechanism for Regular Pattern 15

  39. Mechanism for Regular Pattern Fig. 9.14 in Molles 2006

  40. Pattern at Multiple Spatial Scales 8 7

  41. Patterns at Large Spatial Scales 21 Christmas Bird Count (Winter) 18

  42. Patterns at Large Spatial Scales American Crow Fish Crow 19 Fig. 9.15 in Molles 2007 Christmas Bird Count (Winter)

  43. Patterns at Large Spatial Scales 17 Breeding Bird Survey (Summer) 18

  44. Patterns at Large Spatial Scales Summer Distributions Red-Eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) Fig. 9.16 in Molles 2006

  45. 1 http://www.kayaklakemead.com/sitebuilder/images/creosote_bush_range- 420x305.jpg 2 http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/boga/html/Larrea.divaricata.ka.JPG 3 http://www.tarleton.edu/~range/Edwards%20Pictures%2005/ Summer2005_Slides/su05%20247%20creosote.jpg 4 http://www.starr-nursery.com/images/Agave%20parryi%20nw02.jpg 5 http://misheli.image.pbase.com/u34/pinicola/upload/34660473. 020herdpressure.jpg 6 http://wc.pima.edu/~bfiero/tucsonecology/plants/images/sw_paag01.jpg 7 http://visel.freeshell.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2006/01/cornfields.png 9 http://citybugs.tamu.edu/FastSheets/images/leafcutter_ant_mound.gif

  46. 10 http://ars.sdstate.edu/faculty/smarta/Range415/Prairie%20dog%20need%20 to%20sort%20061.jpg 11 http://k53.pbase.com/o4/29/336929/1/62896394.jfMZnmhh.T2311Swallow NestCommune.jpg 12 http://www.delange.org/MistletoeChristmas/Dsc00094.jpg 13 http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/images/B999images/B999-8.jpg 14 http://www.tarleton.edu/~range/Edwards%20Pictures%2005/Summer2005 _Slides/su05%20247%20creosote.jpg 15 http://www.dartmouth.edu/~ravirg/images/creosote.root.jpg 16 http://www.wildlife-fantasy.com/artwork/songbirds.jpg

  47. 17 http://www.miriameaglemon.com/photogallery/P6040258%20Floyd %20KCR.jpg 18 http://www.epa.gov/cludygxb/images/bbs-2.gif 19 http://www.coffeecreekwc.org/photos/birds/American_Crow.jpg 20 http://www.dpughphoto.com/images/fish%20crow%20ocracoke %2050906.JPG 21 http://www.challender.demon.co.uk/bird/trip/beardedt.jpg 22 http://www.truthorconsequencesnm.net/us_forest/mogollon -mts-o.jpg 23 http://www.delange.org/SycamoreArizona/Dsc00020.jpg

  48. 24 http://www.avant-gardening.com/Pinon-Pine---Pinus-edulis.jpg 25 http://z.about.com/d/forestry/1/0/d/2/pp.jpg 26 http://www.friendsofsaguaro.org/sagdistributionmaplarge. gif 27 http://wwwpaztcn.wr.usgs.gov/images/shreve.jpg 28 http://nartowicz.users.btopenworld.com/seedlings/geometricus3.jpg 29 http://www.delange.org/Saguaro/DscSag2.jpg 30 http://www.theus50.com/images/state-quarters/vermont-quarter.jpg 31 http://biology.clc.uc.edu/graphics/taxonomy/plants/spermatophyta/ angiosperms/dicotyledonae/aceraceae/sugar%20maple/JSC%209807 %20Sugar%20Maple.JPG

  49. 32 http://www.lesinsectesduquebec.com/insecta/24-coleoptera/cicindela _longilabris-1.JPG 33 http://bailey.aros.net/nature/images/European%20Starling.jpg 34 Ricklefs, R.E. and G. Miller. 2000. Ecology, 4th edition. W.H. Freeman and Co. 35 http://www.birdbuzz.com/site/images/bird_id/red_eyed_vireo.jpg 36 http://www.gdargaud.net/Antarctica/Life/ManyEmperors.jpg 37 http://www.flyingover.net/files/photos/Golden%20eagle%20%20(c)% 20Arne%20Ader.JPG 38 http://fireflyforest.net/firefly/2007/01/22/snow-in-tucson-january-of-2007/ 39 http://3quarksdaily.blogs.com/3quarksdaily/images/2007/08/29/shakespeare.jpg

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