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Understanding Diversity in American Healthcare: Empowering Minority Communities

Explore the impact of a diverse U.S. population on community health efforts, the importance of the 1985 Task Force Report, racial and ethnic classifications, and strategies to achieve equity in minority health. Learn about the socio-demographic characteristics and health issues faced by minority groups. Discover the significance of cultural competence and empowerment in promoting minority community health. Address disparities in health outcomes and identify key health practices while examining the role of race, socioeconomics, and historical factors in healthcare.

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Understanding Diversity in American Healthcare: Empowering Minority Communities

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  1. Anita Sego Spring, 2005

  2. Chapter Objectives • Explain the concept of diversity as it describes the American people. • Explain the impact of a more diverse population in the United States as it relates to community health efforts. • Explain the importance of the 1985 landmark report, The Secretary’s Task Force on Black and Minority Health.

  3. Chapter Objectives • List the racial and ethnic categories currently used by the U.S. Government in statistical activities and programs administration reporting. • List some limitations related to collecting racial and ethnic health data. • Identify some of the sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics of minority groups in the United States.

  4. Chapter Objectives • List some of the beliefs and values of minority groups in the United States. • List and describe the six priority areas of the Race and Health Initiative. • Define socioeconomic gradient and provide an example as it relates to minority health.

  5. Chapter Objectives • Define cultural sensitivity and cultural competence and define the importance of each related to minority community health. • Identify the three kinds of power associated with empowerment and explain the importance of each related to minority community health.

  6. Overview of Diversity • The strength and greatness of America lies in the diversity of its people • President’s Initiative on Race • majority • minorities

  7. Documents • The Secretary’s Task Force Report on Black and Minority Health • Health People 2000 • Initiative to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Health • prevent disease • promote health • delivering care to racial and ethnic minority communities

  8. Racial and Ethnic Classifications • U. S Office of Management and Budget • operationalize race and ethnicity • Five categories

  9. Health data sources and their limitations • Gaps in the information system • bias analysis • self-reported data • reliability

  10. Black Americans • Socioeconomic Characteristics • education • lowest median income • Vital Statistics • 34.5 million 12.3% of population

  11. Black Americans • Major community health problems • Infant mortality • Sickle cell disease • HIV/AIDS • Violent Deaths

  12. Americans of Hispanic Origin • Vital Statistics • 35.3 million 12.5% of population • education • income • Religious beliefs

  13. Asian/Pacific Islanders • Vital Statistics • 11.9 million 4.2% of the population • fastest growing ethnic population in the US • high school completion and income is highest among the ethnic groups • Consists of two distinct groups

  14. Native Americans • Demographic Characteristics • 2.5 million nearly 1% of the population • Vital Statistics • economic disadvantaged • poor health status • poverty rate of 25.9% • low high school completion rate

  15. Native Americans • Health care - Indian Health Service • Established in 1954; 1st Federal Agency to address health • Alcohol abuse #1 health problem • Intentional & Unintentional injuries

  16. U.S. Population 2000

  17. U.S. Population 2050 projected

  18. Median household income 1999

  19. Poverty rates 1999

  20. Refugees: New Immigrants • Refugees • Immigrants • Aliens • Illegal aliens • Special Concerns • poor • lower levels of education • few work skills • serious health problems

  21. Race and Health Initiative • Infant mortality • Cancer screen • Cardiovascular disease • Diabetes • HIV/AIDS • Adult & child immunization

  22. Socioeconomic Status & Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health • Indirect causal associations • level of education • level of income • poverty • Group living circumstances

  23. Community Health Strategies for Achieving Equity in Minority Health • Cultural Competence • A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals that enables effective work in cross cultural situations. • Empowering the Self and the Community • social power • political power • psychological power

  24. Health practices - Smoking - Alcohol - Nutrition Race & Health Biological Cultural Psychosocial stress - Smoking - Alcohol - Nutrition Socioeconomic Environmental stress - Residential - Occupational Biological processes Race Racism Political Health outcomes Psychosocial resources - Social ties - Perceptions of control - Coping patterns Historical Medical care - Need - Access - Quality Legal

  25. Chapter 10 Community Health and Minorities

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