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Anita Sego Spring, 2005. Chapter Objectives. Define the terms environment, ecology, and biosphere. Explain how human activities affect the environment through the production of wastes and residues. Name the primary sources of solid wastes.
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Anita Sego Spring, 2005
Chapter Objectives • Define the terms environment, ecology, and biosphere. • Explain how human activities affect the environment through the production of wastes and residues. • Name the primary sources of solid wastes. • List and briefly explain the four approaches to solid waste management.
Chapter Objectives • Define hazardous wastes. • Explain the difference between sanitary and secured landfills. • Identify the five approaches to hazardous waste management. • Explain what is meant by the term Superfund. • Explain the Pollution Standard Index (PSI).
Chapter Objectives • Briefly describe acid rain, ozone layer, global warming, and photochemical smog. • Identify the major indoor air pollutants. • Explain the difference in point source and nonpoint source pollution. • Identify the categories of water pollution.
Chapter Objectives • Briefly describe waste water treatment. • List means of conserving water. • Name the primary sources of radiation. • Explain how nuclear wastes are handled in the United States. • Identify the two basic characteristics of sound. • Identify steps to reduce problems associated with noise pollution.
Introduction to Environment • External conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the growth and development of an organism or a community of organisms. • Ecology • Biosphere
Natural Environmental Hazards • Natural hazards • Biology hazards • Insect • Microbiological • Vegetation • Psychological hazards • Stress • Boredom • Anxiety • Sociological hazards • Overcrowding • Isolation • Anomie
Residues & Wastes from Humans • Factors contributing • urbanization • industrialization • human population growth • production and use of disposable products
Types of Wastes and Pollution • Solid wastes • Hazardous Waste • Water and its pollution • Radiation • Noise pollution
Solid Waste • Sources of solid waste • agriculture • mining • industry • municipalities • utilities • Decomposing waste
Solid Waste • Solid wastes management • collection • disposal • sanitary landfills • incineration • recycling • source reduction
Hazardous Waste • A product that may 1.cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serous irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness, or 2. Pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed.
Hazardous Waste • Management • Secured landfill - least expensive • Deep well injection • Incineration of Hazardous waste • Hazardous Waste Recycling and Neutralization • Source Reduction
Hazardous Waste • Cleanup • Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act • Superfund
Air Pollution • Contaminants of Outdoor Air • transportation • electric power plants • industry - mills & refineries • National Ambient Air Quality Standards • Pollutant Standard Index
Special Concerns with Outdoor Air • Acid Rain • Destruction of the Ozone Layer • chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) • Global Warming • greenhouse gases • greenhouse effect • Photochemical Smog • thermal inversion
Indoor Air • Indoor Air Pollutants • asbestos • formaldehyde • radon • environmental tobacco smoke • volatile organic compounds • Air Quality and Conservation • sick building syndrome • ventilation • testing
Water Pollution • Sources of water • Treatment of water for use • coagulation and flocculation • sedimentation • filtration • disinfection
Sources of Water Pollution • Point source pollution - single identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the water. • nonpoint source pollution - all pollution that occurs through the runoff, seepage, of falling of pollutants into the water.
Types of Water Pollutants • Biological pollutants • pathogens • overgrowth of aquatic plants • Toxic pollutants • inorganic chemicals • radioactive materials • synthetic organic chemicals
Water Quality • Strategies to ensure safe water • policy • water treatment • municipal waste water treatment • primary treatment • secondary treatment • tertiary treatment • septic systems • conservation
Radiation Sources • Naturally • Cosmic radiation - sun & outer space • Terrestrial radiation - Earth & its minerals • Internal radiation - inside the body from ingestion • Human-made • X-rays • Nuclear medicine • Nuclear weapons
Radiation Danger • Roentgen equivalent man - REMS • damage cells & tissues Policy • USDE • Nuclear waste disposal is highly controversial
Noise Pollution Measure by annoyance factor • Frequency • cycles per second • hertz • vibrations per second • Amplitude • decibels (dB) • Noise abatement • Policy - Noise Control Act of 1972 • Education programs • Environmental changes
Chapter 15 Environmental Concerns: Wastes and Pollution