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Anita Sego Spring, 2005

Anita Sego Spring, 2005. Chapter Objectives. Define the terms environment, ecology, and biosphere. Explain how human activities affect the environment through the production of wastes and residues. Name the primary sources of solid wastes.

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Anita Sego Spring, 2005

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  1. Anita Sego Spring, 2005

  2. Chapter Objectives • Define the terms environment, ecology, and biosphere. • Explain how human activities affect the environment through the production of wastes and residues. • Name the primary sources of solid wastes. • List and briefly explain the four approaches to solid waste management.

  3. Chapter Objectives • Define hazardous wastes. • Explain the difference between sanitary and secured landfills. • Identify the five approaches to hazardous waste management. • Explain what is meant by the term Superfund. • Explain the Pollution Standard Index (PSI).

  4. Chapter Objectives • Briefly describe acid rain, ozone layer, global warming, and photochemical smog. • Identify the major indoor air pollutants. • Explain the difference in point source and nonpoint source pollution. • Identify the categories of water pollution.

  5. Chapter Objectives • Briefly describe waste water treatment. • List means of conserving water. • Name the primary sources of radiation. • Explain how nuclear wastes are handled in the United States. • Identify the two basic characteristics of sound. • Identify steps to reduce problems associated with noise pollution.

  6. Introduction to Environment • External conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the growth and development of an organism or a community of organisms. • Ecology • Biosphere

  7. Natural Environmental Hazards • Natural hazards • Biology hazards • Insect • Microbiological • Vegetation • Psychological hazards • Stress • Boredom • Anxiety • Sociological hazards • Overcrowding • Isolation • Anomie

  8. Residues & Wastes from Humans • Factors contributing • urbanization • industrialization • human population growth • production and use of disposable products

  9. Types of Wastes and Pollution • Solid wastes • Hazardous Waste • Water and its pollution • Radiation • Noise pollution

  10. Solid Waste • Sources of solid waste • agriculture • mining • industry • municipalities • utilities • Decomposing waste

  11. Sources of Waste

  12. Solid Waste • Solid wastes management • collection • disposal • sanitary landfills • incineration • recycling • source reduction

  13. Hazardous Waste • A product that may 1.cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serous irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness, or 2. Pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed.

  14. Hazardous Waste • Management • Secured landfill - least expensive • Deep well injection • Incineration of Hazardous waste • Hazardous Waste Recycling and Neutralization • Source Reduction

  15. Hazardous Waste • Cleanup • Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act • Superfund

  16. Air Pollution • Contaminants of Outdoor Air • transportation • electric power plants • industry - mills & refineries • National Ambient Air Quality Standards • Pollutant Standard Index

  17. Special Concerns with Outdoor Air • Acid Rain • Destruction of the Ozone Layer • chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) • Global Warming • greenhouse gases • greenhouse effect • Photochemical Smog • thermal inversion

  18. Indoor Air • Indoor Air Pollutants • asbestos • formaldehyde • radon • environmental tobacco smoke • volatile organic compounds • Air Quality and Conservation • sick building syndrome • ventilation • testing

  19. Water Pollution • Sources of water • Treatment of water for use • coagulation and flocculation • sedimentation • filtration • disinfection

  20. Sources of Water Pollution • Point source pollution - single identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the water. • nonpoint source pollution - all pollution that occurs through the runoff, seepage, of falling of pollutants into the water.

  21. Types of Water Pollutants • Biological pollutants • pathogens • overgrowth of aquatic plants • Toxic pollutants • inorganic chemicals • radioactive materials • synthetic organic chemicals

  22. Water Quality • Strategies to ensure safe water • policy • water treatment • municipal waste water treatment • primary treatment • secondary treatment • tertiary treatment • septic systems • conservation

  23. Radiation Sources • Naturally • Cosmic radiation - sun & outer space • Terrestrial radiation - Earth & its minerals • Internal radiation - inside the body from ingestion • Human-made • X-rays • Nuclear medicine • Nuclear weapons

  24. Sources of Radiation

  25. Radiation Danger • Roentgen equivalent man - REMS • damage cells & tissues Policy • USDE • Nuclear waste disposal is highly controversial

  26. Noise Pollution Measure by annoyance factor • Frequency • cycles per second • hertz • vibrations per second • Amplitude • decibels (dB) • Noise abatement • Policy - Noise Control Act of 1972 • Education programs • Environmental changes

  27. Chapter 15 Environmental Concerns: Wastes and Pollution

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