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IRAQ

IRAQ. Iraq/geography. Comparable in size to California Mostly desert, mild to cool winters with dry, hot summers Tigris and Euphrates rivers run through nation, historically major in the history of world Home of the first known civilization = Mesopotamia

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IRAQ

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  1. IRAQ

  2. Iraq/geography • Comparable in size to California • Mostly desert, mild to cool winters with dry, hot summers • Tigris and Euphrates rivers run through nation, historically major in the history of world • Home of the first known civilization = Mesopotamia • Alluvial plain between rivers became known as part of the “Fertile Crescent”

  3. Fertile Crescent

  4. The Tigris & EuphratesRiver System • The Tigris River is 1,100 miles long and begins in Eastern Turkey • The Euphrates River is 1,600 miles long and begins in Eastern Turkey • Three countries rely upon the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for their water; Turkey, Syria and Iraq Mesopotamia: ”Land Between the Two Rivers”

  5. Marshland and Marshland Arabs • Live in SE Iraq • Only 7 to 10 percent of the marshlands left • Half a million in the 1950s, have dwindled to as few as 20,000 in Iraq

  6. Religion

  7. Muhammad’s Succession • 632- Muhammad dies, leaving no confirmed successor* • Who will lead? • The faith- bloodline or the one most capable • Muhammad’s father-in-law Abu Bakr elected to lead the faith. • The Shia (followers of Ali) supported Ali (cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad)

  8. Sunni and Shiaan East & West vs the Middle • Population statistics (Sunni 90%, Shia 10%) • Areas of the World where conflict between the two exist. Iraq, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia

  9. Holy Places • Sunni: Makkah, Medina, Jerusalem • Shia: Najaf (Site of Ali’s Tomb), Karbala • Karbala • Jerusalem • Najaf • Medina • Makkah

  10. Social Groups • Religion • Muslim 97% • Shi’a 62%; • Sunni 35% • Christian and others 3%. • Ethnic groups: • Arab 75%, • Kurd 20%, • Turkmen, Yazidis, Assyrian, or others 5%

  11. Kurds • Nation of people without a country • Live in Iraq, Turkey, Iran and Syria • Now have an autonomous region of Iraq

  12. Language • Arabic (official), Kurdish (official), Turkoman, Assyrian, Armenian • English to Arabic

  13. History • Once known as Mesopotamia • Cradle of Civilization - birthplace of writing and the wheel. • Site of Sumerian, Babylonian, and Parthian cultures. • Muslims conquered Iraq in the seventh century A.D. • In the eighth century, the Abassid caliphate established its capital at Baghdad. • Part of Ottoman Empire early 1500s.

  14. HISTORY • Iraq gained its independence as a kingdom in 1932 • A republic was proclaimed in 1958, but really ruled by dictators • Invaded Kuwait in 1990/US responded with Operation Desert Storm and forced troops out of Kuwait

  15. Saddam Hussein

  16. Operation Iraqi Freedom • Conflicts with the US and Saddam Hussein led to a 2nd war which overthrew the Iraqi government and Hussein being captured • US occupational forces helped set up a new government and are leaving the country this year

  17. The Famous Spider Hole

  18. Government • Parliamentary democracy • Executive, Legislative, Judicial branches • President is the leader • Universal suffrage 18 yrs old • Baghdad capital

  19. Economy • Dominated by the oil sector • Ranks second to Saudi Arabia in amount of Oil reserves • 70% of GDP • Agriculture is 2nd-largest economic sector 12% of GDP • Wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep, poultry

  20. Architecture Great Ziggurat of Ur, Sumerian temple 4100 yrs old Minaret at the Great Mosque of Samarra Protruding part of the buildings is a common feature in Iraqi architecture

  21. Five Pillars of Islam • Faith – Allah is the one true god and Muhammad is his prophet. (Shahada) • Prayer – five times a day toward Makkah, noon on Fridays at mosque. (Salat) • Alms Giving. (zakat) • Fasting – during Ramadan from sunrise to sunset. (Sawm) • Pilgrimage - a trip to Makkah once in lifetime. (hajj)

  22. MINARETS MOSQUES: places of worship for Muslims. Typical features are domes and minarets DOME

  23. Ramadan • Ramadan is an Islamic practice during which Muslims do not eat or drink during the day, they only eat after sunset or before sunrise. • Is intended to teach Muslims about patience, spirituality, humility and submissiveness to God. • At the end of Ramadan, which is a month long, there is a 3 day feast called Eid al Fitr.

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