1 / 100

Dr. Joan Heller Brown BIOM 255 2012

CNS Neurotransmitters. Dr. Joan Heller Brown BIOM 255 2012. Gross anatomy of the human brain. Anatomy of a neuron. Figure 1. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Autonomic division : neuron to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and gland Somatic division : neuron to skeletal muscle

kenyon-anthony
Download Presentation

Dr. Joan Heller Brown BIOM 255 2012

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CNS Neurotransmitters Dr. Joan Heller Brown BIOM 255 2012

  2. Gross anatomy of the human brain

  3. Anatomy of a neuron

  4. Figure 1.

  5. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • Autonomic division : neuron to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and gland • Somatic division : neuron to skeletal muscle • Central Nervous System ( CNS) • neuron to neuron

  6. Sites of CNS drug action

  7. Multiple sites of CNS drug action • Conduction • Synthesis and storage • Release and reuptake • Degradation • Receptors, pre-and post-synaptic • Ion channels • Second messengers

  8. CNS neurotransmitters

  9. Table 1. Classes of CNS Transmitters

  10. Table 1. Classes of CNS Transmitters 16

  11. Classes of Receptors • GPCR=7 transmembrane spanning = metabotropic • Ligand gated ion channel=ionotropic

  12. Most neurotransmitters can activate multiple receptor subtypes and receptor classes

  13. Table 2. Major Neurotransmitter Receptors in the CNS

  14. 20

  15. Neurotransmitter regulation of ion channels affects membrane potential and action potential generation (firing)

  16. Principles of CNS Drug action • Selectivity for the targeted pathway • Receptor subtypes • Allosteric sites on receptors • Presynaptic and postsynaptic actions • Partial/inverse agonist (activity dependent) • Plasticity reveals adaptive changes in drug response • Pharmacokinetic: drug metabolism • Pharmacodynamic: cellular

  17. Monoamine Neurotransmitters

  18. Table 3. Localization of Monoamines in the Brain

  19. Monoamine Biosynthesis Catecholamines Indoleamines

  20. Important monoamine metabolites formed in the CNS • NE MAO, COMT MHPG (MOPEG) • DA  MAO, COMT HVA • 5HT MAO  5HIAA

  21. Noradrenergic Pathways in the Brain Locus ceruleus to cortical and subcortical sites

  22. Serotonergic Pathways in the Brain Midline raphe nuclei to cortical and subcortical areas 29

  23. CNS functions regulated by NE • Arousal • Mood • Blood pressure control

  24. CNS functions regulated by 5HT Sleep Mood Sexual function Appetite 31

  25. Figure 15-1, G&G

  26. Monoamine Biosynthesis Catecholamines

  27. Major Dopaminergic (DA) pathways • Nigrostriatal (substantia nigra to striatum) • Mesolimbic/mesocortical (ventral tegmental midbrain to n.accumbens, hippocampus, and cortex) • Tuberoinfundibular (arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus to median eminence then anterior pituitary)

  28. CNS functions regulated by DA Nigrostriatal (substantia nigra to striatum) extrapyramidal motor control Mesolimbic/mesocortical (ventral tegmental to n.accumbens, hippocampus, and cortex) emotion cognition Tuberoinfundibular (arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus to median eminence then anterior pituitary) prolactin release 37

  29. Brain Amines and Disease States Biogenic amine theory of depression Dopaminergic theory of schizophrenia Dopaminergic involvement in Parkinson’s disease 38

  30. Brain Amines and Disease States • Biogenic amine theory of depression • Dopaminergic theory of schizophrenia • Dopaminergic involvement in Parkinson’s disease

  31. Brain Amines and Disease States Biogenic amine theory of depression Dopaminergic theory of schizophrenia Dopaminergic involvement in Parkinson’s disease 42

  32. Pathology of disease: DA neurons in nigrostriatal pathway degenerate Replacing DA is a therapeutic approach to treat PD Parkinson like symptoms are side effects of DA receptor blockade with antipsychotic drugs MPTP, a neurotoxin, destroys DA neurons and induces PD DA involvement in Parkinson’s disease (PD)

  33. ACh as a CNS neurotransmitter • Memory (ChEI in Alzheimers disease) • Basal forebrain to cortex/hippocampus(A) • Extrapyramidal motor responses (benztropine for Parkinsonian symptoms) • Striatum (B) • Vestibular control (scopolamine patch for motion sickness)

  34. Cholinergic pathways in the CNS B A Nucleus basalis to cortex (A) and interneurons in striatum ( B)

  35. Amino Acid Neurotransmitters Inhibitory GABA and Glycine Hyperpolarize = don’t fire Excitatory Glutamate ( and Aspartate) Depolarize = fire 50

More Related