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Haloalkanes

Haloalkanes. Haloalkanes are alkanes with halogens attached to them – the halogen is attached where an H atom would have been. Halogens: Cl, Br, I, F. Production of haloalkanes.

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Haloalkanes

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  1. Haloalkanes • Haloalkanes are alkanes with halogens attached to them – the halogen is attached where an H atom would have been. • Halogens: Cl, Br, I, F 12 Chemistry 2.5 organic chemistry CR 07

  2. Production of haloalkanes • Haloalkanes can be made from alkanes with a substitution reaction (this requires a catalyst) or from alkenes in an addition reaction (this is a quick reaction and no catalyst is required) 12 Chemistry 2.5 organic chemistry CR 07

  3. Haloalkanes from alkanes • eg. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 + Br2 CH3CH2CH2CHBrCH3 + HBr Substitution Slow reaction that requires a catalyst. One Br atom can be added anywhere and HBr is the other product (pungent gas) 12 Chemistry 2.5 organic chemistry CR 07

  4. Haloalkanes from alkenes • eg. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH=CH2 + Br2 •  CH3 CH2 CH2 CHBrCH2 Br • Addition • Fast reaction no catalyst required. Both Br atoms are added across the double bond 12 Chemistry 2.5 organic chemistry CR 07

  5. Identifying alkanes and alkenes • The addition of Br2 or I2 is used as a test to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes. • If the discolouration is rapid and does not require a catalyst it is an alkene • If the discolouration is slow and requires a catalys (eg. UV light) then it is an alkane 12 Chemistry 2.5 organic chemistry CR 07

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