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Time-Modulation of Two-Body Weak Decays with Massive Neutrinos

Time-Modulation of Two-Body Weak Decays with Massive Neutrinos. P. Kienle Excellence Cluster “ Universe ” Technische Universit ä t M ü nchen. “Sunshine by Cooling” P. Kienle, Naturwissenschaften 88 (2001) 313.

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Time-Modulation of Two-Body Weak Decays with Massive Neutrinos

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  1. Time-Modulation of Two-Body Weak Decays with Massive Neutrinos P. Kienle Excellence Cluster “Universe” Technische Universität München “Sunshine by Cooling” P. Kienle, Naturwissenschaften 88 (2001) 313

  2. Time-Dependence of 2-Body EC- and ßb-Decays with Mono-Energetic Neutrinos and Anti-Neutrinos observed in a Storage Ring Yu.A.Litvinov et al. Phys.Rev. Lett. 99 (2007) 262501 M.Jung et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (1992)2164 

  3. Production & Separation of H-like Nuclei 400MeV/u bunched 140Pr58+, 142Pm60+ , 122I52+ H- like ions In-Flight separation of projectile fragments 0.5μs bunched 500 MeV/u 152Sm beam on a 1 g/cm² Be target Cocktail of isotopic beams Mono-isotopic beam ->degrader (dE/dx~ Z²) followed by magnetic analysis, injection delay ~ 0.5s Bare 90%; H 10%; He 0.3%

  4. The Experimental Storage Ring ESRsince 1990 at GSI Darmstadt, C = 108m, B = 10 Tm, vacuum 10-11 mb

  5. long. Kicker transv. Pick-up Combiner- Station transv. Kicker ESR storage ring long. Pick-up Stochastic and Electron Cooling in the ESR Electron Cooler Fast stochastic pre-cooling @ E= 400 MeV/u of few fragments followed by precision electron cooling

  6. "Phase Transition" to String Order J.P. Schiffer, P. KienleCould there be an Ordered Condensed State in Beams of Fully Stripped Heavy Ions? Z. Phys. A321 (1985) 181 v/v  0; signal/ noise high M.Steck et al., PRL 77 (1996) 3803

  7. Time Resolved Schottky Mass Spectroscopy for EC and ßb Decays q= 0 for EC, ßb decay f  -m =Q

  8. Single Ion, Time-Resolved EC-Decay Mass Spectroscopy t= 0 injection time 1..Observation of single ion ~6s cooling time 2. Parent/daughter correlation 3. Detection of all EC decays 4.Delaybetween „decay“ and "appearance" cooling 5. 140Pr: ER = 44 eV Delay: Td ~ (900 ±300) msec 142Pm: ER =90 eV Delay: Td ~ (1400 ±400) msec Note: Time delay Td causes phase delay of modulation:  = (Td/T)x2 Electron neutrino νe is created at time t -> quantum-entangledwith the daughter nucleus, revealing the mass-properties of e

  9. Neutrino Erice 16-24. 09.2009 P. Kienle EC-Modulation Spectra of 140Pr, 142Pm, 122I Yu.A. Litvinov et al., Physics Letters B 664 (2008) 162 T=7.06(8)s a=0.18(3) T=7.10(22)s a=0.22(3) T=6.13(3) s a=0.16(2) Preliminary Preliminary preliminary 122I

  10. Time Spectrum of the ß+ Branch of 142Pm a() a(ω=0.9 s-1) =0.03(3) Preliminary Preliminary Time following the injection in the ESR t in s Modulation amplitude a() with  in s-1 The ß+ branch of 142Pm, three times stronger than the EC branch and simultaneously observed with a modulation frequency ω = 0.90 s-1 and an amplitude a = 0.18(5), shows a vanishing small modulation amplitude a = 0.03(3)

  11. Towards Understanding of the Time- Modulation of the EC Decay  The two-bodyEC branches of 140Pr and 142Pm show modulationin contrast to the dominant 3-bodyß+ decay branch of 142Pm(preliminary) This excludes various experimental sources and quantum beats of the mother state ( proposed by Giunti, and Lindner et al.) It is direct evidence that the modulation originates from the weak transition to the two-body final state. Fromdetection of daughter mass properties of the entangled neutrino (Ivanov et al, PRL 101, 18250 (2008) ) 1/A-scaling of beat frequency ω of daughter ions reflects their recoil energy difference produced by neutrinos with masses m1 and m2

  12. Neutrino Quantum Beat Analogy 1 m1; 2 m2  From energy and momentum conservation in both decay channels |1>, |2>

  13. Time Differential Observation of the decayCriterion for Neutrino Quantum Beats  Asymptotic observation: 2 Lorentz lines 12= 45 Time differential observation of daughter with time resolution dintroduces an energy uncertainty Ed in the observation of |d>. For Ed  E2-E1, the two decay paths are indistinguishable  interference  decay width 

  14. The transition amplitude of the EC decay m  d +e is given by the sum of the amplitudes A (m  d + j) (t), with the coefficient Uejtaking into account that onlyelectron neutrinos e contribute to the transition amplitude. Assuming 13 ~ 0 with only two neutrino mass Eigen-states. Ue1 = cos12, and Ue2 = sin12 In time dependent perturbation theory the partial amplitude A (m  d + j) (t), is defined in the rest frame of the mother ion m by

  15. Incoherentand Coherent Contributions to the Transition Rates

  16. Time Modulated EC Decay Rate in Moving Laboratory Frame ( = 1.43)

  17. Experimental Values of m²

  18. Small or Large Modulation Amplitudes? The observed modulation amplitudes are a = 0180.03(140Pr); a = 0.220.03(142Pm), a = 0.160.02(122I) (prel.) and thus equal within errors. <a>= 0.190.02 . With a = sin 2a small mixing angle  = 5.5o compared with  ~ 34o from sun neutrinos is resulting Reduction of the modulation amplitude? Loss of phase relation by F=3/2->1/2 transition? Measurement of He-like systems is essential Cancellation of the interference terms results in a = 0, when all neutrino flavours contribute to the transition amplitude and the flavour mixing matrix is unitary, as it is assumed in standard theory.

  19. Cancellation of the Interference Terms in using Orthogonal Neutrino Flavour Wave Functions (A. Gal, arXiv:0809.1213v4 [nucl-th] In case that the neutrinos are not observed allflavours α= e, μ ,τ contribute to the decay amplitude Interference terms cancel due to unitarity of mixing matrix:

  20. Experiments for Solving the Problems  Decay of He-like 142Pm59+ for testing the influence of the F=3/2 hyperfine state  ongoing experiment ß+ decay of H/He-like 142Pm with an improvemet of 3% 1% limit of the modulation amplitude a ongoing experiment Search for 13 modulation with ω13 ~ 10xω12 and a13~ 0.1xa12 using improved time resolution MeasureB-field dependence of the modulation period for magnetic moment of neutrino search (Gal). Preliminary data of 122I taken at 3% different B-field show no change of ,only A-dependence. Compare EC- and ßb- modulation of 108Ag (,) for CPT test; branching ratios of ~ (2-3)% !!!

  21. Use of Resonance Pick up improves S/N by factor 100 and t= 32 ms 142 59+ 142 59+ Nd Pm New resonator cavity (2010) 124th harmonic the same decay: improvement by a factor of about 100 and t = 32ms 142 59+ Pm 142 59+ Old Schottky pickup (1992) 30th harmonic Nd

  22. Cooling of a Daughter Ion with Reduced Recoil Energy 32 ms / channel t daughter decay mother daughter mother Time (32ms / channel)  Frequency (31.25 Hz /channel)

  23. Cooling of a Daughter Ion with Enhanced Recoil Energy t daughter mother daughter mother Time  Frequency 

  24. Two EC Decaying Mothers

  25. We have developed an efficient, new methodfor the study of neutrino masses using quantum entanglement in two bodyweak decays, thus avoiding the inefficient direct detection of the neutrinos. The interfering recoil ions show the neutrino mass difference. Time modulation of EC decays of H- like ions of 140Pr,142Pm and 122I(preliminary) were observed as neutrinoquantum beats in the ESR storage ring, and no modulation of the ß+ branch of 142Pm (preliminary). Yet in standard weak interactiontheory with massive neutrinos and unitary flavour mixing matrix, the interference terms from different flavours cancel and no modulationis expected. Thus the appearance of the modulation is direct evidence for a non-unitary flavour mixing matrix  new physics. Conclusion

  26. Two Body Weak Decay Collaboration F. Attallah, , F. Bosch, D. Boutin, C. Brandau, P. Bühler, L. Chen, H. Essel, B. Fabian, Th. Faestermann, H. Geissel, V. Ivanova, P. Kienle, Ch.Kozhuharov, R. Knöbel, J. Kurcewicz, S.A. Litvinov, Yu.A. Litvinov, Z. Liu,, L. Maier, J. Marton F. Nolden, Yu.N. Novikov, T. Ohtsubo, Ch. Scheidenberger, M. Steck, Th. Stöhlker, B. Sun, T. Suzuki, P.M. Walker, H. Weick, N. Winckler, T. Yamaguchi, J Zmeskal

  27. Thank you !

  28. For discussion

  29. Wave Functions of Daughter Ions in the Time Differential Observation

  30. Neutrino Mass from Darmstadt Oscillations A.N. Ivanov, E.L. Kryshen, M. Pitschmann and P.Kienle arXiv: 0804 1311 (nucl-th) Vacuum polarisation by L-W loop 140Ce, Z=58 m2(r) m1(r) Similar mass corrections expected for antineutrinos from fission products but opposite sign (mass increase)

  31. Modulation of the 140Pr58+ EC-DecayTime differentialobservation d ~ 0.32s introduces E ~1.2x10-14eV Yu.A. Litvinov et al., Physics Letters B 664 (2008) 162 T= (7.06 0.08)s ΔE= 8.6x10-16 eV a= (0.18 0.03)

  32. Modulation of the 142Pm60+ EC-DecayYu.A. Litvinov et al., Physics Letters B 664 (2008) 162 ² as function of ω fit T= (7.10  0.22)s ΔE= 8.6x10-16 eV a= (0.22  0.03) ² ω [Hz] No change of the period T despite change of neutrino energy

  33. Modulation of 122I52+ EC DecayTest of A/Z scaling of modulation periodN. Winkler et al GSI Annual Report 2009 Preliminary Preliminary Modulation period T = 6.13(3) s Amplitude a = 0.16(3) Period T scales with M

  34. New KamLAND ResultsPRL 100, 221803 (2008)  EC Difference to EC neutrino m²(KL)=0.759(21)x10-4 eV² m²(EC)=2.9xm²(KamLAND) Small amplitude problem ?!?

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