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Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders. Psychological Disorder a “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be: atypical--not enough in itself disturbing--varies with time and culture maladaptive--harmful unjustifiable--sometimes there’s a good reason. Historical Perspective. Perceived Causes

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Psychological Disorders

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  1. Psychological Disorders • Psychological Disorder • a “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be: • atypical--not enough in itself • disturbing--varies with time and culture • maladaptive--harmful • unjustifiable--sometimes there’s a good reason

  2. Historical Perspective • Perceived Causes • movements of sun or moon • lunacy--full moon • evil spirits • Ancient Treatments • exorcism, caged like animals, beaten, burned, castrated, mutilated, blood replaced with animal’s blood

  3. Historical Perspective • Trephination

  4. Psychological Disorders • Medical Model • concept that diseases have physical causes • can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured • assumes that these “mental” illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital

  5. Psychological Disorders • Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective • assumes that biological, sociocultural, and psychological factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders

  6. Psychological Disorders

  7. Psychological Disorders--Etiology • DSM-V • American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) • a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

  8. 5 Levels of the DSM-V: “Axes” • DSM-V • American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) • a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

  9. 5 Levels of the DSM-V: “Axes” • DSM-V • American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) • a w

  10. Anxiety Disorders • Anxiety Disorders (5 Types) • distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety • 1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder • person is tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

  11. Anxiety Disorders • 2. Panic Disorder • marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensation

  12. Anxiety Disorders • 3. Phobia • persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation

  13. Anxiety Disorders • Common and uncommon fears

  14. Anxiety Disorders • 4. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

  15. Anxiety Disorders

  16. Anxiety Disorders • 5. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder • Haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that linger for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience • Combat veterans • Accident/disaster survivors • Violent assaults • Sexual assaults

  17. Understanding Anxiety Disorders • 1. Learning Perspective • A. Fear Conditioning • Stimulus generalization • Reinforcement • Escaping the feared situation reduces anxiety • B. Observational Learning

  18. Understanding Anxiety Disorders • 2. Biological Perspective • A. Natural Selection • B. Genes: influence level of neurotransmitters • C. Brain: an over-arousal of brain areas involved in impulse control and habitual behaviors

  19. Understanding Anxiety Disorders

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