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CHAPTER 11

CHAPTER 11. The Coming of the Civil War 1848-1861. Chapter 11 Section 1. Two Nations?. I. Summarize historians’ views on whether the Civil War could have been avoided. A. Union – the unified nation B. Historians and the Civil War 1. Some historians who think Northerners and

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CHAPTER 11

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  1. CHAPTER 11 The Coming of the Civil War 1848-1861

  2. Chapter 11 Section 1 Two Nations?

  3. I. Summarize historians’ views on whether the Civil War could have been avoided. • A. Union – the unified nation • B. Historians and the Civil War • 1. Some historians who think Northerners and Southerners were fairly similar, believe war could have been avoided by better leadership

  4. II. Describe the Northern and Southern views on slavery, including the views of Harriet Beecher Stowe. • A. Case Against Slavery • 1. Northern – believed that slavery violated the basic principles of the United States government and the Christian religion • 2. Prejudice – an unreasonable, unfavorable opinion of another group that is not based on fact

  5. II. Describe the Northern and Southern views on slavery, including the views of Harriet Beecher Stowe. • B. Harriet Beecher Stowe • 1. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852 • 2. book that attacked slavery • 3. Impact of Uncle Tom’s Cabin • a. Convinced Northerners that slavery would be the ruin of the United States

  6. II. Describe the Northern and Southern views on slavery, including the views of Harriet Beecher Stowe. • C. Southern Views of Slavery • 1. Plantation households were like large and happy families • 2. Cannibals All! – was a book that attacked Northern capitalists

  7. III. Identify the differences between the North and South. • A. By 1860, the largest cities in the United States were located in the North • B. Compared with the North, the South was more rural and agricultural

  8. III. Identify the differences between the North and South. • C. Obsolete – outdated • D. The biggest technological change in this period was the appearance of the railroad

  9. III. Identify the differences between the North and South. • E. The key difference between the North and the South was slavery

  10. Chapter 11 Section 2 New Political Parties

  11. I. Explain the effects of the Missouri Compromise, and how the Compromise of 1850 tried to deal with them. • A. Effects of the Missouri Compromise • 1. Newly acquired land forced the political question of whether or not slavery would be allowed in the territories • 2. The Missouri Compromise did not settle the issue of whether slavery would be legal in territories

  12. I. Explain the effects of the Missouri Compromise, and how the Compromise of 1850 tried to deal with them. • B. Compromise of 1850 • 1. 1849 Gold Rush people rushed into California • 2. John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) Henry Clay (Kentucky) Daniel Webster (Massachusetts)

  13. I. Explain the effects of the Missouri Compromise, and how the Compromise of 1850 tried to deal with them. • B. Compromise of 1850 • 3. Compromise of 1850 • a. Clay’s plan for compromise • 1. California a Free State • 2. New Mexico and Utah territories decided for themselves • 3. Abolish the sale of enslaved person in Washington, D.C. • 4. Slavery remained legal in Washington, D.C. • 5. Fugitive Slave Act – law favoring slave owners; it ordered the return of escaped slaves to their owners

  14. I. Explain the effects of the Missouri Compromise, and how the Compromise of 1850 tried to deal with them. • B. Compromise of 1850 • 3. Compromise of 1850 • b. Calhoun Opposes Compromise • 1. John C. Calhoun viewed the North as a tyrannical power • 2. States Rights – theory calling for a weaker federal government

  15. I. Explain the effects of the Missouri Compromise, and how the Compromise of 1850 tried to deal with them. • B. Compromise of 1850 • 3. Compromise of 1850 • c. Webster Favors Compromise • d. Congress Approves the Compromise of 1850

  16. II. Summarize the changes in political parties in the 1850s. • A. Decline of the Whigs • 1. Whigs did not address the issue of slavery • B. Rise of the Know-Nothings • 1. Nativism – movement attacking the rights of immigrants • 2. “I know nothing” Order of the Star-Spangled Banner American Party

  17. III. Describe the causes and effects of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, including its role in the creation of the Republican Party. • A. Kansas-Nebraska Act • 1. Popular Sovereignty – practice of letting people decide issues • 2. Affect of Slavery in the new territories – it granted citizens of the territories the right to decide if slavery should be allowed

  18. III. Describe the causes and effects of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, including its role in the creation of the Republican Party. • B. Creation of the Republican Party • 1. Main supporters were anti-slavery Northerners

  19. Chapter 11 Section 3 The System Fails

  20. I. Summarize the causes of violence in Kansas and in Congress in 1856. • A. The Kansas-Nebraska bill gave Kansas voters the right to choose or reject slavery.

  21. I. Summarize the causes of violence in Kansas and in Congress in 1856. • B. Violence Begins • 1. Free-Soilers – person dedicated to preventing the expansion of slavery into the western territories • 2. “Bleeding Kansas” – earned its name from clashes over slavery – caused by looting in Lawrence, KS and John Brown’s brutal reaction

  22. I. Summarize the causes of violence in Kansas and in Congress in 1856. • B. Violence Begins • 3. “Bleeding Sumner” • a. Senator Charles Sumner (Republican Massachusetts) gave speech “The Crime Against Kansas” • b. Sumner’s speech made insults against Senator Andrew Butler (South Carolina) • c. Butler’s nephew, Preston Brooks, used a cane to beat Charles Sumner

  23. II. Explain how slavery dominated national politics from 1856 to 1858. • A. The Election of 1856 • 1. Democrats – James Buchanan *** won • 2. Republicans – John C. Fremont • 3. Know-Nothings/American Party – Millard Fillmore

  24. II. Explain how slavery dominated national politics from 1856 to 1858. • B. The Dred Scott Decision • 1. Scott v. Sandford – 1857 Supreme Court decision that declared slaves not to be citizens and ruled the Missouri Compromise as unconstitutional • 2. The decision in the case protected the rights of slave owners

  25. III. Describe how the Lecompton Constitution, Lincoln-Douglas debates, and John Brown’s raid reflected national divisions over slavery. • A. The Lecompton Constitution • 1. The goal was to establish slavery in Kansas • 2. The Free-Soiler majority prohibited it

  26. III. Describe how the Lecompton Constitution, Lincoln-Douglas debates, and John Brown’s raid reflected national divisions over slavery. • B. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates • 1. Senator Stephen Douglas (Democrat Illinois) Democratic leader “the Little Giant” • 2. Abraham Lincoln – tall and plain

  27. III. Describe how the Lecompton Constitution, Lincoln-Douglas debates, and John Brown’s raid reflected national divisions over slavery. • B. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates • 3. Douglas – believed that the majority of people of a state or territory could do anything they wished, including making slavery legal • 4. Lincoln – did not believe that a majority should have the power to deny the minority of their rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

  28. III. Describe how the Lecompton Constitution, Lincoln-Douglas debates, and John Brown’s raid reflected national divisions over slavery. • B. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates • 5. In the 1858 Illinois Senate race, Douglas defeated Lincoln

  29. III. Describe how the Lecompton Constitution, Lincoln-Douglas debates, and John Brown’s raid reflected national divisions over slavery. • C. John Brown’s Raid • 1. arsenal – a place where weapons are made or stored • 2. By attacking the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, John Brown hoped to start a slave uprising

  30. Chapter 11 Section 4 A Nation Divided Against Itself

  31. I. Describe the outcome and the importance of the election of 1860. • A. Election of 1860 • 1. Democratic Party split into Northern and Southern divisions • a. Southern Democrats argued that the party should support protection of slavery in the territories – John C. Breckinridge • b. Northern Democrats stood by the doctrine of popular sovereignty – Stephen Douglas

  32. I. Describe the outcome and the importance of the election of 1860. • A. Election of 1860 • 2. Moderate Southerners – Whig / American Party formed their own party – Constitutional Union Party • a. Border states – Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri • b. Constitutional Union Party – John Bell

  33. I. Describe the outcome and the importance of the election of 1860. • A. Election of 1860 • 3. Republicans – looked for a moderate view on slavery while standing firmly against its spread – Abraham Lincoln • a. Lincoln chosen over William Henry Seward because Seward seemed too extreme

  34. I. Describe the outcome and the importance of the election of 1860. • A. Election of 1860 • 4. Republican Lincoln won the election without a single electoral vote in the South • a. Lower South – Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina

  35. II. Explain why states of the Lower South seceded from the Union. • A. Secessionists – those who wanted the South to secede • B. Southern states began to secede following the election of 1860 because Lincoln won the presidency without any southern electoral votes

  36. II. Explain why states of the Lower South seceded from the Union. • C. Secessionists believed that they had a right to leave the Union, because they had joined it voluntarily • D. South Carolina left the Union on December 20, 1860 (plus six more TX, LA, MS, AL, FL, GA) • E. Confederate States of America – nation formed by secessionist southern states

  37. III. Summarize events leading to the start of the war at Fort Sumter. • A. Fort Sumter – a federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, SC – site of the first clash of the Civil War • B. Upper South – Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas • C. States from the Upper South seceded when Lincoln called for volunteers

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