Heterogeneity and non-stationary variance in hard rock hydrogeology

1. Heterogeneity and non-stationary variance in hard rock hydrogeology Extreme variability and its role in hydrogeology Land and Water Resources Engineering Robert Earon

2. Introduction Anistropy Heterogeneity Possibilities ConcludingRemarks There is no annualshortageofwater in Sweden. Problems ariseduetotemporal distribution ofmeteoricwater and waterstorage. • ChangingClimate • LimitedStorage • Increasingresidencynearcoast • Heteroscedasticity Glacial Till Hard Rock

3. Introduction Anistropy Heterogeneity Possibilities ConcludingRemarks Heterogeneity Sill Nugget Range

4. Introduction Anistropy Heterogeneity Possibilities ConcludingRemarks Spatial Anisotropy

5. Introduction Anistropy Heterogeneity Possibilities ConcludingRemarks Spatial Anisotropy

6. Introduction Anistropy Heterogeneity Possibilities ConcludingRemarks Spatial Anisotropy

7. Introduction Anistropy Heterogeneity Possibilities ConcludingRemarks Heterogeneity in spatial variance

8. Introduction Anistropy Heterogeneity Possibilities ConcludingRemarks • ANOVA, t-test bothindicatesamplessignificantly (sig.<0.000) different

9. Introduction Anistropy Heterogeneity Possibilities ConcludingRemarks Heterogeneity in spatial variance

10. Introduction Anistropy Heterogeneity Possibilities ConcludingRemarks Multivariate Approach toGroundwater Resources

11. Introduction Anistropy Heterogeneity Possibilities ConcludingRemarks Multivariate Approach toGroundwater Resources

12. Introduction Anistropy Heterogeneity Possibilities ConcludingRemarks Review • Heterogeneity places a high burden on point estimates for regional or even local characterization • Heterogenic, anisotropic variability implies caution should be taken when applying statistical tools • From the standpoint of limited-resource hydrogeological investigation, plausibility of applying and developing other tools

13. Introduction Anistropy Heterogeneity Possibilities ConcludingRemarks Questions?