Prepared by: Dr. Hanan Said Ali

1. Client Needs and Rights Prepared by: Dr. Hanan Said Ali

2. Learning Objective • Define the patient’s rights. • Identify the patient’s rights. • Explain how to maintain the patient’s rights.

3. What are patient’s rights? • Are merely ( just) statement about particular moral interests that a person might have in health care context ( framework) and that require special protection when a person assumes the role of a patient or client.

4. What are patient’s rights? Popular examples of patient’s rights includes: • A right to health care. • A right to be informed. • A right to participate in decision- making concerning treatment and care. • A right to give an informed consent. • A right to refuse consent. • A right to a second opinion.

5. What are patient’s rights? • A right to have access to a trained health interpreter ( analyst). • A right to know the name, status and practice experience of attending health professionals. • A right to be treated with respect ( value). • A right to confidentiality. • A right to bodily integrity. • A right to the maintenance of dignity ( self respect).

6. What are patient’s rights? • A right to wait no more than 20 minutes in outpatient department. • A right not to wait for more than certain set times for operation, for appointments ( actions), or for an emergency ambulance. • Patient need to be protected against misuse of their rights and their humanity. • Patient have the right not to be harmed ( HIV, hepatitis B & C.)

7. What are patient’s rights? The right to health care • Health care is something all people are equally entitled ( permitted) to receive, regardless of the cost. • It is implausible and impossible to provide a high standard of health care to all persons equally. At best all that people can reasonably claim ( maintain) is a decent ( respectable) minimum of health care .

8. What are patient’s rights? The right to health care • Every culture has its way of dealing with sickness, illness, pain and suffering, and of caring for the sick. • Once health care , in its more holistic sense, is seen as an important means of promoting a person’s total wellbeing.

9. What are patient’s rights? The right to health care • Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and wellbeing of himself and his family:

10. What are patient’s rights? The right to equal access to health care The scarce ( rare) resources, but unlimited wants tends to be constructed as follows: • The demand for health care has outstripped ( prior) supply. • this is fundamentally because health care resources are limited. • Different people have different health needs, and different views on how existing resources should be used to meet these needs.

11. What are patient’s rights? The right to equal access to health care The scarce ( rare) resources, but unlimited wants argument tends to be constructed as follows: • It is true that existing health care resources can be used in alternative ways. • Nevertheless, health care resources are limited, so it is not possible to satisfy everybody’s needs and wants.

12. What are patient’s rights? The right to equal access to health care The nursing profession has a moral obligation to lobby ( entrance) effectively for the community as a whole, and the individuals who comprise it, to have better access to the processes that promote health, not merely to medical or hospital care and related services

13. What are patient’s rights? The right to have access to appropriate care, it includes: • Patients’ entitlements to seek a second medical opinion. • To refuse a recommended medical therapy, or folk therapy (popular). • To choose an alternative health therapy. • To be surrounded by family and friends, to have unrestricted visiting rights

14. What are patient’s rights? The right to have access to appropriate care, it includes: • To decline ( refused) to be “ordered” to do anything they do not wish to do ( getting out of bed, having a shower every day, taking prescribed medication)

15. What are patient’s rights? The right to quality of care • The task for the nursing profession is to ensure that health care delivery never falls to a level that compromises patient safety and wellbeing. The right to make informed decisions • The nurse has a responsibility in relation to facilitating a patient making informed choice about recommended care and treatment options.

16. What are patient’s rights? What is informed consent • The patient must be informed appropriately about their care and treatment options, and patients are more willing to question the information that they have been provided in order to inform their choices and consent to treatment. • E. g., The gynaecologist ordered nurse to obtain the signature of women for (dilatation and curettage) and already pre- medicated and for suggestion of sterilize the women , the nurse refused.

17. What are patient’s rights? The elements of an informed and valid consent It must satisfy a number of criteria, including: • There must be a disclosure ( discovery) of all the relevant information ( including both benefits and risks) • The patient must fully understand ( comprehend) both the information which has been given and the implications ( included) of giving consent.

18. What are patient’s rights? The elements of an informed and valid consent It must satisfy a number of criteria, including: • The consent must be voluntarily ( freely) given ( i.e. the patient must be free of coercion ( force). • The patient must be competent to consent ( i.e. both rational ( logic) and prudent ( careful)

19. What are patient’s rights? The right to confidentiality • It is unlawful ( unauthorized) for any person to disclose ( reveal) any information relating to patients, except with their consent, when required by law, or to lessen a serious threat to the life and health of the individual. • Patient’s information may be divulged(said) with the patient’s permission and that exceptions may arise where the health of others is at risk or you .

20. What are patient’s rights? The right to confidentiality • Thus, in instances where keeping a confidence or a secret has the unhappy consequence of causing or failing to prevent an otherwise avoidable harm, and/or indeed results in an unequal distribution of harms over benefits, there is a very strong case supported disclosure of the information being kept secret.

21. What are patient’s rights? The right to confidentiality • If patient /client can trust their attending health professionals to keep secret certain information disclosed in the professional relationship, it is thought that patient/ client will be more likely to reveal information crucial for making a correct assessment/ diagnosis, and thus a correct prescription of care and treatment.

22. What are patient’s rights? The right to dignity and dying with dignity Some of the most revealing and instructive definitions of dignity and dying with dignity: • Dying with dignity is dying the way you want to die. • Dignity is a feeling of pride…. 0f feeling good about yourself. • Dignity and dying with dignity is maintaining self – value, self respect, and self image.

23. What are patient’s rights? The bright to dignity and dying with dignity • It allimportant to having to look good for other people. • Dignity is having pride( satisfaction) without shame. • Dying with dignity is having no pain, no fear. Feeling valued, and having your opinions valued. • Dignity is the quality or state of being worthy ( Excellence)

24. What are patient’s rights? The right to dignity and dying with dignity There are a number of common elements: • That person have intrinsic ( basic) moral worth ( value), and thus ought ( must) to be treated with respect. • That persons should be respected as autonomous ( self directed) choosers, and thus as beings capable of exercising self- determining choice.

25. What are patient’s rights? The right to dignity and dying with dignity There are a number of common elements: • That persons should be facilitated and supported in the course of exercising their autonomous choice. • That persons should be facilitated and supported in their attempts to maintain their self- respect and self- esteem.

26. What are patient’s rights? The right to be treated with respect • Respect manifest as the good treatment of people, and invariably ( always) results in their being humanized. • People ( regardless of their age, sexuality, cultural backgrounds and social position) have a special interest in being treated with respect.

27. What are patient’s rights? The right to be treated with respect • This principle is generally regarded as being of paramount (vital) importance to the establishment, development and maintenance of moral relationship between people, and to moral practice generally. • There is an obligation to treat with respect a patient’s needs, values, beliefs, and culture.

28. Thank You