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Chapter 29: Wilsonian Progressivism at home and abroad 1912-1916

Chapter 29: Wilsonian Progressivism at home and abroad 1912-1916. The “Bull Moose” Campaign of 1912. Democrats nominate Woodrow Wilson New Freedom platform of Reform Former President of Princeton Reform governor of NJ. Wilson’s “New Freedom”. Shunned social-welfare programs

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Chapter 29: Wilsonian Progressivism at home and abroad 1912-1916

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  1. Chapter 29:Wilsonian Progressivism at home and abroad1912-1916

  2. The “Bull Moose” Campaign of 1912 Democrats nominate • Woodrow Wilson • New Freedom platform of Reform • Former President of Princeton • Reform governor of NJ

  3. Wilson’s “New Freedom” • Shunned social-welfare programs • Emphasis on small business • Break up trusts, don’t just regulate them

  4. T.R’s 3rd Party effort • Decides to run as Progressive “Bull Moose Party” candidate • “New Nationalism” • Women’s rights • Increase Federal Regulation • Minimum Wage • Socialistic Insurance • Consolidate trusts and unions

  5. Debs - Socialist

  6. T.R. shot while campaigning in milwaukee • Shot in chest • Speech and glasses case save his life • Still went ahead with hour and a half speech! • He said, “You see, it takes more than one bullet to kill A bull moose!”

  7. GOP Divided by bull moose equals democratic victory, 1912

  8. Woodrow wilson: a minority president • Only received 41% of popular vote • Combined, Progressives took 68% • Taft eventually named supreme court chief justice, job he was much better suited for.

  9. Wilson: the idealist in politics • First Southerner from seceded State to be president since Zach Taylor • Still respected Confederacy’s Attempt at self determination • Believed in dynamic presidency of leading congress to action • Could be arrogant in public

  10. Wilson tackles the tariff • Had sights on tariff, banks, trusts • Tariff first: appeared in person to Congress • Result: Underwood Tariff; greatly reduced rates • 16th Amendment; established graduated income tax

  11. Wilson battles the bankers • 1913 signed the Federal Reserve Act • Federal Reserve Board set up • Nationwide system of 12 regional reserve districts • Ushered in modern economy

  12. The Federal reserve act • Allowed for flexible money system

  13. Reading the Death Warrant, this cartoon appeared in a New York newspaper soon after Woodrow Wilson called for dramatic reform of the banking system before both houses of congress. With the “money trust” of bankers and businessmen cowed, Wilson was able to win popular and congressional support for the Federal Reserve Act of 1913

  14. The President tames the trusts • Federal Trade Commission Act 1914; to root out unfair trade practices like false advertising, mislabeling, bribery, etc. • Clayton Anti Trust Act of 1914; increased Sherman’s list of unfair practices like holding companies; it also…… • ……legalized strikes and picketing!

  15. Wilsonian progressivism at high tide

  16. Wilson’s acts…..at home • La Follette Seamen’s Act 1915 > Fair treatment and wages on ships • Federal Farm Loan Act 1916 > Low interest loans to farmers • Warehouse Act of 1916 > Loans on the security of staple crops • Workingmen’s Compensation Act of 1916 • Adamson Act of 1916 > Eight hour work day for train workers in interstate commerce

  17. “Black Progressivism” / Louis Brandeis • No progress for blacks with Wilson; increased federal segregation • Yet…… • Louis Brandeis > First Jewish Supreme Court Justice

  18. New directions in foreign policy • Wilson did not embrace the “Dollar Diplomacy” or “Big Stick” policies • Jones Act > Made Philippines a territory, promoted independence as soon as the Philippines had a stable Government

  19. Wilson…..Abroad • Repealed Panama Canal Tolls Act • Haiti…….. >Helping Haiti or helping ourselves? • Virgin Islands > Purchased from Denmark for $25 million • Intervened in D.R.; stayed eight years

  20. U.S. Marines in Haiti, 1919 The United States sent the marines to Haiti in 1915 to protect American economic interests. They remained there for nineteen years.

  21. Moralistic diplomacy in Mexico • In 1913 Mexican rebels overthrew a government friendly to the U.S.. • The new revolution leader was murdered. • VictorianoHuerto takes over • President Wilson refused to Recognize the new Mexican government • Mass immigration of Mexicans

  22. Wilson’s stance • Allowed arms to flow to Carranza and Villa

  23. Tampico Incident • Wilson ordered marines to take Vera Cruz because of arrest of Americans, and to prevent arming of Mexicans. • Carranza and Huerto protested bitterly. • It was finally mediated by the A.B.C Powers (Argentina, Brazil, and Chile). • Shortly after, Huerto collapsed and was replaced by Carranza whom President Wilson reluctantly supported.

  24. Pancho villa • Hoping to start a war with America, “The Bandit” Pancho Villa killed 16 Americans in Northern Mexico and 19 Americans att Columbus, New Mexico. Wilson sent john Pershing after “The Bandit” Pancho Villa. The Mexican terrorist was never found.

  25. “Pancho Villa with his Ragtag Army in Mexico, ca. 1916 His daring, impetuosity, and horsemanship made Villa a hero to the Masses of northern Mexico. Yet he proved to be a violent and ineffective crusader against social abuses, and He was assassinated in 1923.

  26. Thunder across the sea • Serb patriot killed heir to the Austria-Hungary throne • Germany and Austria-Hungary sent message to Serbia • Serbia backed by Russia, set eyes on Germany • Germany attacked France through Belgium • Great Britain joined with France

  27. A precarious neutrality • Both Central and Allied powers want U.S.’s help > Allies – German atrocities > Central – Relied on German-Americans • Americans anti-German > Against Kaiser Wilhelm II > Incidents of industrial sabotage here

  28. America earns blood money • In recession before WWI • British and French need for product • J.P. Morgan loaned $2.3 billion • Central powers complained but… > Did not violate neutrality laws > Could still trade with U.S. > British Blockade

  29. German Reaction • 1915 – Germany announces submarine war area around British isles > U-boats > 90 ships sunk in first few months • “Try not to sink neutral ships”

  30. Lusitania • British passenger ship • Sank in Ireland on may 7th, 1915 • 1,198 killed (128 Americans) • Germans argued that the ship carried ammunition

  31. German U-boat > This deadly new weapon rendered useless the existing rules of naval warfare, eventually pushing the United States to declare war against Germany in 1917.

  32. Wilson’s reaction • Warning to Germany • Agreed in 1915 to not sink unarmed ships without warning • Violated with sinking of Sussex in 1916 • Sussex ultimatum > Germany would not attack passenger/ merchant ships >> Accepted by wilson >U.S. would help remove British blockade >> Not agreed upon

  33. Election of 1916 • Wilson: “He Kept Us Out of War” • Roosevelt refused to run as a progressive • Republicans nominate Hughes > Pro-business; attacked Wilson’s foreign policy

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