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Biotechnology

Biotechnology. DNA and your genes. Objectives. Describe what genes are and where they are located. Describe the “central dogma” of molecular genetics. Describe the flow of genetic information. Describe RNA and how it differs from DNA. Define and describe transcription and translation.

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Biotechnology

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  1. Biotechnology DNA and your genes

  2. Objectives • Describe what genes are and where they are located. • Describe the “central dogma” of molecular genetics. • Describe the flow of genetic information. • Describe RNA and how it differs from DNA. • Define and describe transcription and translation. • Define polypeptide. • Perform the activity “Reading DNA”.

  3. DNA and your Genes • Let’s take a look at the relationship between your DNA and your genes.

  4. Where are your genes?

  5. Genes: • Genes are units of heredity that are passed on from parent to offspring. • Genes give specific instructions for one characteristic. • One gene = one polypeptide.

  6. What is a polypeptide? • A protein molecule made from small units called amino acids.

  7. Another polypeptide

  8. Central dogma of Molecular Genetics • DNA contains all the genetic information about an organism. • Regions on DNA that code for a specific attributes are called genes.

  9. Central Dogma 3) In order for the information within a gene to be useful, it has to be translated into proteins.

  10. Central Dogma 4) The flow of genetic information must begin at DNA and end with the production of a protein. The end proteins determine individual traits!

  11. The flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA to Protein. • RNA – very similar to DNA, but complementary base to adenine is not thymine, as it is in DNA, but rather uracil. A – U G - C

  12. Problem Alert! • DNA is locked in the nucleus • Proteins (polypeptides) are manufactured in the cytoplasm.

  13. Transcription/Translation • Transcription: the transfer of information from DNA to an RNA molecule. • Translation: the transfer of information from RNA into a protein.

  14. Summary - • Synthesis of mRNA (messenger RNA) in the nucleus. • Movement of mRNA into cytoplasm. • Synthesis of protein (polypeptide) in the cytoplasm.

  15. The Triplet Code

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