Reproductive System

1. Reproductive System By: Kimberly Glidewell, Ben Clayton, and Jacob Franka

2. Female Reproductive System Anatomy http://women.emedtv.com/abdominal-hysterectomy-video/explanation-of-the-female-reproductive-system-video.html

3. External Anatomy Labia majora: The labia majora enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs Labia minora: Can be very small or up to 2 inches wide. They lie just inside the labia majora, and surround the openings to the vagina and urethra. Bartholin's glands: These glands are located beside the vaginal opening and produce a fluid secretion. Clitoris: The two labia minora meet at the clitoris, a small, sensitive protrusion that is comparable to the penis in males.

4. Internal Reproductive Organs Vagina: The vagina is a canal that joins the cervix to the outside of the body. It also is known as the birth canal. Ovaries: The ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones.

5. Internal Reproductive Organs Uterus: The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that is the home to a developing fetus. The uterus is divided into two parts: the cervix, which is the lower part that opens into the vagina, and the main body of the uterus, called the corpus. The corpus can easily expand to hold a developing baby. A channel through the cervix allows sperm to enter and menstrual blood to exit. Fallopian tubes: Narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus and serve as tunnels for the ova (egg cells) to travel from the ovaries to the uterus. The fertilization of an egg by a sperm normally occurs in the fallopian tubes.

6. Male Reproductive System Anatomy

7. Male Anatomy Explanation Penis: The penis is the male organ for sexual intercourse. The glans, which also is called the head of the penis, is covered with a loose layer of skin called foreskin. (This skin is sometimes removed in a procedure called circumcision.) The opening of the urethra, the tube that transports semen and urine, is at the tip of the glans penis. The body of the penis is cylindrical in shape and consists of three internal chambers. These chambers are made up of special, sponge-like erectile tissue. Scrotum: The scrotum is the loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis. It contains the testicles (also called testes). The scrotum has a protective function and acts as a climate control system for the testes. Special muscles in the wall of the scrotum allow it to contract and relax, moving the testicles closer to the body for warmth and protection or farther away from the body to cool the temperature.

8. Male Anatomy Explanation Testicles: The (testicles) testes are oval organs that lie in the scrotum, secured by a structure called the spermatic cord. Most men have two testes. The testes are responsible for making testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, and for generating sperm. Epididymis: The epididymis is a long, coiled tube that rests on the backside of each testicle. It functions in the transport and storage of the sperm cells that are produced in the testes. It also is the job of the epididymis to bring the sperm to maturity, since the sperm that emerge from the testes are immature and incapable of fertilization.

9. Male Anatomy Explanation Vas deferens: The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity through groin to behind the bladder. The vas deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation. Urethra: The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body. In males, it has the additional function of expelling (ejaculating) semen when the man reaches orgasm.

10. Male Anatomy Explanation Seminal vesicles: The seminal vesicles are sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the bladder. The seminal vesicles produce a sugar-rich fluid that provides sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms’ ability to move. The fluid of the seminal vesicles makes up most of the volume of a man’s ejaculatory fluid. Prostate gland: The prostate gland is a walnut-sized structure found only in men. It is partly glandular and partly muscular, with three lobes. It is located below the urinary bladder in front of the rectum, surrounding the urethra. The prostate gland contributes a slightly alkaline fluid to the seminal fluid which also nourishes the sperm

11. Spermatogenesis vs. Oogenesis http://campus.udayton.edu/~INSS/Dillon230/LECTHELP-2/2spermatogenesis_vs.htm

12. Estrogen Hormones Estrogens are the sex hormones produced primarily by a female's ovaries that stimulate the growth of a girl's sex organs, as well as her breasts and pubic hair, known as secondary sex characteristics. Estrogens also regulate the functioning of the menstrual cycle. In the majority of women, ovarian hormones appear not to play a significant role in their sex drive. In one study of women under the age of 40, 90 percent reported experiencing no change in sexual desire or functioning after sex hormone production was shut down because of the removal of both ovaries.

13. Testosterone Hormones Testosterone is a hormone that signifies and starts the body growing during puberty. The levels are also found in girls just as they start to reach puberty, although not in the same quantity. Testosterone helps develop the body, enlarge many organs (Not only the penis, but hearts and lungs also), as well as bring on the occurrence of pubic hair, bodily odor and some facial hair. Testosterone is the male sex hormone secreted by the testes. The production of testosterone is responsible for the development of the male sex organs, muscle growth, sex drive and energy levels in the male. During puberty, male adolescents have increased production of testosterone resulting in the development of facial hair and a deepening of the voice

14. Progesterone Hormones Progesterone is a hormone – known informally as a “chemical messenger” - that is produced in the ovaries and adrenal gland (and in the placenta during pregnancy). In humans, progesterone is transported throughout the body via fat cells in the blood stream. It affects everything from mood and appetite to gum health, instructing different cell receptors as to how to body should be functioning.