The Rule of Justinian I Objectives

1. The Rule of Justinian I Objectives • Explain the contributions of Theodora to Justinian’ s rule. • Identify the geographic expansion of the Byzantine Empire under Justinian I. • Compare and contrast the Justinian Code with laws of today’s society.

2. No more Western Roman Empire

4. Constantinople

5. Background Information • 527 A.D. Justinian became emperor of the Byzantine Empire. • He was once a general in the army. • He had a classical education. • What does it mean to have a classical education? • He was trained in law, music, architecture, and theology.

7. The Rule of Justinian I As Emperor: • He chose those who served under him based on ability, and not wealth. • What kind of a society is that? • He was leader of the army & navy, made laws, headed the government & church, and was the supreme judge. • What kind of a rule is that?

8. Justinian’s wife Theodora • Justinian changed the marriage law in order to marry her. • She aided in many of Justinian’s decisions, such as: • Convincing Justinian that women could own land • She also helped him to subdue a rebellion • Explain the contributions of Theodora to Justinian’s rule.

10. Justinian’s Conquests • He wanted to reunite the eastern and western parts of the empire and return it to what Rome once was. • His general was Belisarius was one of the greatest generals of the Byzantine Empire. • Developed new tactics that strengthened the armies striking ability

12. Justinian’s Conquest • His conquests took Italy, and lands in Spain and North Africa • Most of the land was lost after his death

13. Justinian’s Conquest • Identify the expansion of the Byzantine Empire under Justinian I.

14. Code of Justinian • He wanted to simplify the current legal system. • He chose 10 men to do this for him called the commision of Tribonian • The code combined the Greek and Roman Legal traditions. • It took six years to create.

15. Code of Justinian • Justinian Code (Corpus Juris Civilis) • It included a Digest, which is a publication or journal. • Institutes student manual or law book. This was particularly for students studying law. • Received little attention when published • Why do you think it received little attention at first?

16. Code of Justinian • Justinian was very much in favor of law and order. • With a code he would have better control over society. • He envisioned it (change it from pagan to Christian). • Almost all of the new laws were strict moral code. • How was this reflective of the Christian sentiment at the time?

17. Backlash Against the Code • The laws had cruel punishments. Just five years after enforcing the code, the city of Constantinople was rioting. • In response to Justinian’s code of law, the people of Constantinople rioted throughout the city. • What do you think made the people of Constantinople revolt?

18. Riot • The riots caused huge amounts of damage, whole sections of the city were burned down. • Mobs of angry citizens marched to the Hippodrome chanting “victory” and “death to Justinian”. • During the riots Justinian was afraid that Theodora’s life was in danger and begged her to leave, in vain.

19. Justinian Code • It became the law of the land. • It went on to be the basis for civil law in Western civilization. • His code even inspired the way justice is spelled. • Compare and contrast the Justinian Code with laws of today’s society.

20. Justinian’s Contributions to Law and Public Works Public Works • Had many construction projects-churches, bridges, roads, monasteries, forums, and forts • The most famous was the Hagia Sophia. • What is the Hagia Sohpia?

22. Hagia Sophia • A cathedral, sometimes called Santa Sophia or Saint Sophia. • It was once the central church building of the Eastern Orthodox Church. • Took over 12,000 workers to complete. • Major feature was its huge dome set on top of a rectangular base. • It is very ornate with a wide uses of mosaics. • What is a mosaic?

24. Hagia Sophia • The Hagia Sophia was originally destroyed during the riots. • Justinian hired the greatest architects of the time to reconstruct it. • The Hagia Sophia was the church of holy wisdom. • Justinian believed that the completion of the church symbolized the reunited empire. • Do you agree or disagree with the church as a symbol of unity?

25. Justinian’s End • In 565 Justinian I died. • This also lead to end of trying to reunited the empire. • Take what you have learned and synthesize it to decide why Justinian’s death could ended the hope of unity.

26. Church and State • Worked closely together • Believed Emperor represented Jesus • God wanted them to spread Christianity • People argued and discussed church items

27. Icons • Covered the walls of churches • Emperor Leo III said no! • The Pope in Rome disagreed- the start of conflict

28. Conflict between churchesRoman Catholic vs Eastern Orthodox • Pope claimed he was the ruler of all churches • Pope asked for help and got none instead asked Charlemagne • Pope made Charlemagne Emperor • Excommunication begins • Schism-

29. Pope Vs Patriarch

30. Byzantine Art • Church- Hagia Sofia- Holy Wisdom • Mosiacs

31. Women • Expected to stay at home • Some allowed education • Several served as a regent- Substitute Emperor

32. Education • Highly respected • Wealthy hired tutors • Authors wrote about religion • Copied and passed on Greek works