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World War II

World War II. Hitler defied the Treaty of Versailles. 1935 Hitler announced that Germany will no longer follow the Treaty of Versailles Great Britain and France condemn Germany for doing this March 1936, Hitler orders troops to occupy the Rhineland This was against the Versailles Treaty

kermit-stevenson
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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. Hitler defied the Treaty of Versailles • 1935 Hitler announced that Germany will no longer follow the Treaty of Versailles • Great Britain and France condemn Germany for doing this • March 1936, Hitler orders troops to occupy the Rhineland • This was against the Versailles Treaty • The French did nothing, The British urged appeasement • October 1936, Italy and Germany create the Rome-Berlin Axis in which all other nations revolve • Germany also made an agreement with Japan • League of Nations did nothing

  3. Germany Expands • Hitler believes Germany needs to expand to unite all German speaking people • Hitler united Austria and Germany (Against Versailles) • Many fear Hitler would take more territory • War seemed unavoidable • Munich Conference 1938 • Allow Hitler to take Sudetenland in (Czechoslovakia)- • Hitler will not take any more land- • British PM Neville Chamberlain -“Achieved peace for our time”

  4. World War II Begins • 1938 Hitler sends in Army to preserve order in Austria • April 1939 Hitler announces plans to take the Polish Corridor • Britain and France realize that appeasement is no longer possible • August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression pact • Not to fight if the other went to war • Divide Poland

  5. World War II Begins • Hitler set up a phony raid against a German radio station • Has an excuse to invade Poland • In a matter of days, Poland lost their air force, army, telegraph lines • This sudden, massive attack was called Blitzkrieg- lightening war • September 3 1939, Great Britain and France declare war on Germany • Not ready to fight, begin to mobilize for war

  6. France Surrenders • Hitler forced the French to surrender in the same railroad car that the armistice ending World War I was signed • Underground freedom fighters led by Gen. Charles de Gaulle consistently sabotage the Nazis for the rest of the war

  7. In Great Britain • Neville Chamberlain forced to resign as Prime Minister • Winston Churchill who advocated force against Germany long ago was new P.M. • Hitler plan’s invasion of Great Britain • First sends his Luftwaffe bombers to weaken British defenses • The British had two secret weapons, new technology • Radar • decoding machine called the “Ultra”

  8. Battle of Britain • July 1940, next 6 months large air force battles over Great Britain • Hitler hopes to break the will of the British to fight • RAF fighters fought with courage • Churchill inspires British to Continue the fight • Hitler orders the bombing of the city of London, England • 300-600 civilians killed per day, 1,000-3,000 injured per day • Hitler gives up his ideas of invading Great Britain

  9. The United States aided allies • Americans wanted to stay out of war • 1935,1937 pass neutrality acts-illegal to sell arms or lend money to nations at war • 1939 President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) in a fireside chat convinced American people American safety depends on Britain's well being • congress to allow sale of weapons on a cash and carry policy • 1940 pass selective service act, first peacetime draft in U.S. • March 1941 Roosevelt got Congress to approve a lend-lease policy to countries vital to American interests

  10. Battle of the Atlantic • Summer 1941 Germans were sinking too many British Merchant ships • US extends it patrol into a neutral waters but German subs patrol these waters • German subs begin to attack US military ships • By fall 1941 US armed its merchant ships and escorting British across the Atlantic Ocean

  11. The United States Enters World War II • Relations between the US and Japan were falling apart • Japan continued to claim South Pacific island nations including US controlled Philippines • FDR also wanted to limit Japan’s power to control China • July 1941, FDR banned the shipment of fuel, iron, steel to Japan • Japan new Oil was next • Japanese Ambassador sent to US to negotiate with Sec of State Cordell Hull • Japan wants to take Dutch East Indies Resources (Oil) • US wants Japan to stop expanding • Japanese feel war was inevitable to achieve their goals • Americans intercepted coded messages about an attack in Dec.

  12. The US Attacked at Pearl Harbor • Japan decides to attack the US Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor • The plan was to declare war than attack minutes later • The message was delayed in translation and arrives 50 minutes late • The US was unprepared for war • Japan believed a quick defeat and their German alliance would render the US powerless against the Japanese • Sunday December 7, 1941 Japanese Bombers Attack the US naval base in Hawaii • Destroy 19 ships, Kill over 2,400 people • US Declares War on Japan

  13. America Responds • Thousands of people across the country volunteer for the military • Banks froze assets and stores refused to sell goods to Japanese Americans (Nisei) • 1942, FDR gives Executive order #9066 remove all threats to country • 110,000 Japanese Americans sent to internment camps (Upheld twice by the Supreme Court) • Lost all of their property • Camps were 25 feet long barracks (Cots, Blankets and straw filled mattresses) expected to create farms to feed selves • By 1943 if passed loyalty review they could go home (nothing) • By 1944 camps were empty

  14. America Responds • Govt. gave millions of dollars to improve new production and build more plants • ($320 Billion, built over 300,000 aircraft, 88,140 tanks, 86,000 warships • Office of Price Administration OPA- Control prices and inflation • War productions board- WPB-and War Labor Board WLB planned production of supplies and labor issues • 1942 Revenue act everyone making over $645 /year a “Victory Tax” • National debt rose from $40 Bill. to $260 Bill. • Movie Stars advertise selling of war bonds • Selective service act men ages 22-44 eligible later ages18-38 required to serve until war is over

  15. Challenge to Minorities • Women expected to work in factories - paid less and reminded only temporary job • Children left at home to care for selves • Many African Americans find jobs in factories • Form Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)-use non-violent protests to integrate public facilities limited success • Gen Benjamin O. Davis creates all black air corp. squad • Racism still existed • 25,000 native American served many used as code talkers -Navaho Indians communicated over radio to send un-coded messages

  16. The War in the Pacific • April 1942 James Doolittle led a bombing raid of Tokyo, Japan as a revenge of Pearl Harbor Attack

  17. The Pacific Theater • Battle of Coral Sea–Naval Battle-Used “Magic“ decoding machines to warn of attack • Ended Japanese movement south • Battle of Midway Island was the turning point June 3, 1942 • Surprise attack on Japanese carrier fleet refueling planes • led by Adm. Chester W. Nimitz • Japan lost 322 planes and 4 aircraft carriers, plus other ships • Damages Japan’s ability to fight

  18. After Midway, the allies began “island hopping” campaign • Guadalcanal, Guam, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, etc.

  19. Invasion of Africa and Italy • November 1942 Allies invade North Africa • By 1943 momentum turned to favor the Allies • July 9, 1943 naval bombardment of Sicily • Battle lasted 39 days and the allies took the island of Sicily • Italians stunned by the defeat, capture and arrest Mussolini • Interactive Map

  20. Invasion of France • American Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower planned the invasion • 2 million British, Canadian and American soldiers • another million in sea and air support • Plan to attack Normandy in France • D-Day was June 6, 1944 • Fleet of 5,300 ships • After midnight 13,000 airborne troops parachute into France • In morning, thousands of seaborn soldiers land on the beaches of Normandy • Interactive Map

  21. Yalta Conference • Feb 1945- Wary of Soviet territorial and political goals, “Big Three” Winston Churchill, FDR, Joseph Stalin meet • Agree; • Soviet would wage war on Japan after Germany defeated • Create a United Nations • Divide Germany into 4 Zones • Allow Stalin to help rebuild Eastern Europe

  22. The German Reich collapsed • With a two front invasion to Berlin • Battle of the Bulge- Dec. 1944 Germanys last effort send entire army to surprise and split US forces in Arden Forest • Americans broke the siege of Bastogne and continue to Berlin • April 30, 1945 Hitler killed himself • May 2, 1945 Germany surrendered to the Soviets, V-E Day

  23. Defeat of Japan • President Franklyn D. Roosevelt dies in office, April 1945 • Vice President Harry Truman becomes president • At Potsdam Conference Truman warns Japan to surrender or face “complete destruction”

  24. Japan • By mid 1945, War in Europe is over US puts entire effort into defeating Japan • Most of Japan’s air force and navy destroyed • Still had an army of 2 million men • Kamikaze pilots show the determination of Japan’s will to fight • Japanese will fight to their death for honor

  25. The Atomic Age • August 6, 1945 American B-29 bomber “Enola Gay” drops worlds first Atomic Bomb (Little Boy) on Hiroshima • Bomb flattens four mile area killing more than 70,000 people • More will die later from radiation poisoning • Aug 8 Soviet Union declares war on Japan • Aug 9, US drops another A-bomb (Fat Man) on Nagasaki (40,000 people Killed)

  26. Japan Surrenders: V-J Day • Aug 10 Emperor Hirohito surrenders • September 2, 1945, Peace treaty signed on deck of USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay- V-J Day

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