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Digital Electronics with MultiSim: Arithmetic Circuits, Flip-flops, Counters, Shift Registers, and Multiplexers

Learn about arithmetic circuits, flip-flops, counters, shift registers, and multiplexers in digital electronics using MultiSim software. Explore the different types of circuits and their applications.

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Digital Electronics with MultiSim: Arithmetic Circuits, Flip-flops, Counters, Shift Registers, and Multiplexers

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  1. CHAPTER 2: DIGITAL ELECTRONICS WITH MULTISIM

  2. MultiSim: Arithmetic Circuits, Flip-flops, Counters, Shift Registers and Multiplexers

  3. Arithmetic Circuits • Arithmetic circuit perform mathematical functions such as subtraction, multiplication, and division. • Eg: adder circuits • Examples of adder ICs are: • 7438N 4-bit binary adder • 4008BT 4-bit full adder Samjy/DENC 2533

  4. Adder • Half adder: • The half adder accepts two binary digits on its inputs and produces two binary digits on its outputs, a sum bit and a carry bit. • Full Adder: • The full adder accepts two binary digits on its inputs and input carry and generates a sum output and output carry. Samjy/DENC 2533

  5. A B COUT=AB (AND) HALF ADDER 1. LOGIC CIRCUIT 2. BOOLEON EXPRESSION Sum, Σ = AB’ + A’B = AB (XOR) 3. LOGIC DIAGRAM 4. TRUTH TABLE Samjy/DENC 2533

  6. A B Cin Sum, Σ=(AB)CIN COUT=AB+(AB)CIN FULL ADDER 1. LOGIC CIRCUIT 2. BOOLEON EXPRESSION 3. LOGIC DIAGRAM 4. TRUTH TABLE Samjy/DENC 2533

  7. Adder Circuits using 4008BT Full Adder IC A3A2A1A0 + B3B2B1B0 Samjy/DENC 2533

  8. Full Adder Circuit (2) A+B+Cin Samjy/DENC 2533

  9. Binary Subtractor • Subtractor circuits take two binary numbers as input and subtract one binary number input with other binary number input. • There are 4 basic rules for subtracting bits; • 0 – 0 = 0 • 1 – 1 = 0 • 1 – 0 = 1 • 1 0 – 1 = 1 0 – 1 with a borrow of 1 Samjy/DENC 2533

  10. EXAMPLE 2 :- Subtract 100002 – 111012 SOLUTION :- 1 0 0 0 0 10000 - 1 1 1 0 1 + 00010 (1’C) 10010 The answer is negative. The true magnitude is the 1’s complement of 10010 or 01101. The answer is -01101. *Check. 1610 - 2910 = -1310 No overflow Samjy/DENC 2533

  11. 1st Complement Subtractor Circuits 4 – 9 = -5 Samjy/DENC 2533

  12. Sequential Circuit: Flip-Flops(ffs) • Is a logic circuit with a memory characteristics such that its output (Q) will go to a new stage in response to an input pulse, and will remain that new state after the input pulse is terminated. • Is a sequential circuit, whose output changes when its CLOCK input triggers. • Several types of edge-triggered ffs, such as D, JK, SC ff. • Synchronous control input – ffs is synchronous with PGT/NGT (positive/negative edge triggered) signal applied to CLOCK. • Asynchronous control input-set the ffs to ‘1’state or ‘0’ state by its 2 asynchronous inputs: PRESET and CLEAR. Samjy/DENC 2533

  13. Constructed of JK Flip-Flop Circuit using 74LS112N IC Samjy/DENC 2533

  14. Sequential Circuit: Counters • Flip-flops and logic gates could be connected to function as counters and registers. • Counters and related circuits may be used to count items, to time functions, to synchronize various events, to divide, and to control results based upon the outcome of a counting function. • The different types of counters are usually specified by their activity and the type of output they provide. • Counters can be categorized as Up or Down counters. Samjy/DENC 2533

  15. Asynchronous and Synchronous Counters • A synchronous counter circuit has the operation of flip-flops is synchronized by a common clock pulse so that when several flip flops must change state, the state changes occur simultaneously. • Asynchronous counters (Ripple counter) which the state change of one flip flop triggers the next flip flop in line. It uses the external event to directly SET or CLEAR a flip-flop when it occurs. Each flip-flop in the ripple counter is clocked by the output from the previous flip-flop. Only the first flip-flop is clocked by an external clock. Samjy/DENC 2533

  16. Implementation with Different FF Types • T flip-flops is well suited for straightforward binary counters -but yielded worst gate and literal count • R-S flip-flops don't really exist. • J-K flip-flops yielded lowest gate count -tend to yield best choice for reducing gate count in packaged logic • D flip-flops yield simplest design procedure -best choice where area/literal count is the key. Flip-flops excitation table Samjy/DENC 2533

  17. TYPES OF SYNCHRONOUS COUNTER • Up counter. - Counter that counts upward from 0 to a maximum count. • Down counter. - Counter that counts from a maximum count downward to 0. • Up / Down counter. - Counter that can count up or down depending on how its input are activated. Samjy/DENC 2533

  18. SYNCHRONOUS (Up Counter) Samjy/DENC 2533

  19. TRUTH TABLE Samjy/DENC 2533

  20. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Samjy/DENC 2533

  21. SYNCHRONOUS (Down Counter) Samjy/DENC 2533

  22. TRUTH TABLE Samjy/DENC 2533

  23. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Samjy/DENC 2533

  24. Asynchronous (Ripple Counter) Samjy/DENC 2533

  25. 74LS293: 4-STAGE IC ASYNCRONOUS COUNTER Example of circuit using IC for 4-stage asynchronous counter. This circuit uses the 74LS293 as a MOD-14 Counter. Samjy/DENC 2533

  26. The Synchronous Counter • A synchronous counter is a counter whose ffs are clocked simultaneously by a common clock source. • The synchronization of the clocking event causes the transitions of all of the ffs states to occur simultaneously. • IC: 74LS393N synchronous counter 3-stage synchronous counter Samjy/DENC 2533

  27. Sequential Circuit: Shift Registers • Shift registers circuits are synchronous digital circuits used to store or move binary data. • These types of circuits consist either of a series of FFs in groups which can store one bit of data each or as shift register ICs that store larger groups of data. • The amount of data that can be stored in a shift register depends on the width of the register and the number of storage FFs contained in the register. • Basic method of shift registers: • Serial in/serial out shift register • Serial in/ parallel out • Parallel in/serial out • Parallel in/parallel out Samjy/DENC 2533

  28. Serial In/Serial Out Shift Registers Samjy/DENC 2533

  29. Serial In/Parallel Out Shift Registers Samjy/DENC 2533

  30. Multiplexer

  31. Multiplexer digital atau pemilih data adalah litar logik yang menerima beberapa data masukan digital dan memilih satu daripadanya pada bila-bila masa untuk dihantar ke keluaran. • Kitaran data masukan yang diperlukan oleh keluaran adalah dikawal oleh masukan SELECT (biasanya dikenali sebagai alamat masukan). Samjy/DENC 2533

  32. 2-MASUKAN MULTIPLEXER • Mempunyai data masukan I0 dan I1 dan masukan SELECT “S”. • Z = I0 S’ + I1S Samjy/DENC 2533

  33. 4-MASUKAN MULTIPLEXER Samjy/DENC 2533

  34. 4-to-1 Mux Using 2-to-1 Mux in Multisim Samjy/DENC 2533

  35. Enable akan menghasilkan samada keluaran normal atau sebaliknya. • Jika enable (E’)=0, maka S2,S1 dan S0 akan memilih salah satu daripada data masukan dari I0 hingga I7. • Jika enable (E’)=1 multiplexer tidak akan berfungsi yang mana Z=0 dan mengabaikan masukan SELECT. Samjy/DENC 2533

  36. What is Demultiplexer ? Demultiplexer is known as data distributors. It performs the reverse operation of multiplexer. It takes input and distributes it over several outputs. Samjy/DENC 2533

  37. DEMUX O0 O1 Data Input ON-1 SELECT Input Demultiplexer LOGIC DIAGRAM DATA input transmitted to only one of the outputs as determined by select input code. Samjy/DENC 2533

  38. A one-to-two-line demultiplexer is shown below Clock Output Switch S Samjy/DENC 2533

  39. 1-to-4 line Demultiplexer Data input Select Lines Data output lines Samjy/DENC 2533

  40. 1-to-16 Demux using 74HC154NT: in Multisim Samjy/DENC 2533

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