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Propaganda during WWI

Propaganda during WWI. By Jake Mosher and Andy Song. What is propaganda?. The spreading of ideas, facts, or allegations to further ones cause, or damage an opposing cause Aimed to influence people’s behavior and opinions. Government use of propaganda during Wartime.

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Propaganda during WWI

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  1. Propaganda during WWI By Jake Mosher and Andy Song

  2. What is propaganda? • The spreading of ideas, facts, or allegations to further ones cause, or damage an opposing cause • Aimed to influence people’s behavior and opinions

  3. Government use of propaganda during Wartime • To boost enlistment numbers • Raise moral on the home front • Encourage investment into war bonds • To help the transition into a wartime economy

  4. Propaganda Techniques • Band Wagon - Everyone does it, you should • Glorification - Make soldiers appear heroic • Gruesome - Leave vivid/permanent mental image • Guilt/Mockery - Isolating specific category • Fears – Expose Insecurities, Relate

  5. World War I Propaganda

  6. World War I Propaganda • In the form of posters, newspapers, slogans, billboards, and cinema ads • It was everywhere • Manipulated people through their emotions

  7. German Propaganda • Germany was one of the first countries to begin producing propaganda • German propaganda was often unique from other countries • Sometimes involved mythological creatures “We teach you to run!”

  8. British War Propaganda Bureau (WPB) • Established September 2nd 1914. • Consisted of 25 leading authors who agreed to write books and pamphlets promoting the governments view of the war. • Published pamphlets such as Report on Alleged German Outrages, which gave credence to the idea that the German Army had tortured Belgium citizens

  9. Department of Information • Established in February, 1917 • Became the central department for all British propaganda

  10. Common British Propaganda • Much British propaganda focused on demonizing the enemy. • Sought to raise emotions of fear and hate.

  11. Common British Propaganda • British propaganda often appealed to the sense of national pride. • Was designed to invoke feelings of guilt in those not enlisted.

  12. British Propaganda • The execution of nurse Edith Cavell was a major theme of Anti-German propaganda. • Recruitment doubled for eight weeks after her death was announced.

  13. U.S. Propaganda • Committee of Public Information established April 13, 1917 • Influenced American public opinion toward supporting U.S. intervention in the war • Organized a speaker's bureau of seventy-five thousand people, known as the "Four-Minute Men." • Made liberal use of war atrocity stories in their speeches

  14. U.S. Propaganda “Over there” by Billy Murray

  15. World War II Propaganda

  16. WWIIGermany • Nazi Germany is glorified, unified • Hitler clenched fist, stern face, power, omnipotent • Bright sunlight, dove, hope and courage • 1939

  17. WWIIUnited States • Depicts Japan and Germany, stereotypical features • Very close, massive warning sign • Shown as dangerous and menacing, sneaky • Corner emblem, “Our Job”, Patriotism • 1942

  18. WWIISoviet Russia • Children, sympathy and can relate • Background is gloomy, dark, hopelessness • Barbed wire, encaged, suffering • Facial expression traumatized, fearful • 1942

  19. WWIIBritain • Very plain, very direct • Finger pointing, addressing each individual • Strong message, can’t rely on others, work towards goal • 1942

  20. WWIIUnited States • Two major axis powers, dark and evil. • America is portrayed as angelic and innocent • Image of defenseless baby, need to protect. • 1943

  21. WWIIGermany • Literature used as Propaganda • Comic books: Vica, turn French against Allies • Hitler Auto-biography, Mein Kampf http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Q-6H4xOUrs

  22. Different Forms of Propaganda

  23. Practices of Propaganda • Propaganda used to convince citizens to join war effort • Indirect Methods: War bonds, Rationing goods, Giving materials • Direct Methods: Enlisting, Volunteering, Production

  24. Practices of Propaganda II • Subtle features: Features such as shading, color, font size, etc. • Obvious features: Features such as text, images, metaphors, symbolism • Used to stir emotions within civilians: Patriotism, Hatred, Fear

  25. Ministry of Information • British government controlled • Responsible for all publicity and propaganda • started in October 1935

  26. Ministry of Public Enlightenment • Regulated its culture and society • Started by Germany Nationalist Socialist Party + Hitler • Enforced Nazi Ideology • March 13, 1933

  27. Crucial Point of Propaganda • Bombing of Pearl Harbor • American became involved • Changed outcome of WWII entirely • Constantly referred to for justification • 1942

  28. Results of Pearl Harbor • US became involved in War • Mass increase in Anti-Japanese sentiments • Propaganda became more focused on Japanese • Creation of Internment Camps

  29. Results of Pearl Harbor II • America became a war-driven economy • Majority of US citizens supported War • War bonds became vital factor to military, constantly advertised

  30. Changes in Propaganda between WWI and WWII • Posters used extensively in both wars • Propaganda methods more technologically advanced in WWII. • WWI Propaganda more focused on romanticize/glorify, WWII propaganda on dehumanization

  31. Changes in Propaganda between WWI and WWII Part 2 • More types of propaganda began to appear in WWII, such as comic books, novelty items, toys, etc. • Propaganda becomes integrated into daily lifestyles • Directed towards a larger audience (women)

  32. Reasons for Changes • Alternative forms of Propaganda, attempting to extend reach and degree • Men left for war, needed reliant and capable workers, women • Countries already experienced total war

  33. Reasons for Changes Part 2 • Societies were becoming more Urbanized, people use new alternative sources for info. • More people had access to radio and television • Toys, Comic Books, brainwash children, young and impressionable, guilt parents into contribution

  34. Effects • World War II comic book propaganda saw a major evolution of the modern day super hero • Result of heavy anti-Japanese sentiments in WWII propaganda, creation of internment camps. • Women equal to men • Pearl Harbor Propaganda, America involved. • US citizens very patriotic and nationalistic

  35. Statement • Overall, propaganda was a fundamental tool to all governments during both wars. • Fueled war effort indirectly and directly • Society now more aware and cautious of media exposure • Propaganda symbolizes perspectives, events, methods, and sentiments of nations during that time Period

  36. Bibliography • Duffy,Michael. “Propaganda Posters”.FirstWorldWar.com. http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/uk.htm (28 May 2009) • No author. “The British War Propaganda Bureau”.http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwpb.htm (28 May 2009) • No author. “The Creel Committee”. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3468300537.html (28 May 2009) • McGill, James. “Anti-Axis Collectibles”. http://mysite.verizon.net/vzetqw5o/antiaxispropaganda/id15.html (28 May 2009) • Johnson, Jane. “World War I Propaganda Posters”. http://www.worldwar1gallery.com/propaganda/ (28 May 2009) • Young, Thomas. “German WWI Psyop”. http://www.psywarrior.com/GermanWWIPSYOP.html (29 May 2009)

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