BELLWORK

1. BELLWORK • Why was Louis XVI arrested and put on trial? What was the outcome? • Why was Robespierre executed? • THINKER: In your opinion, why is it taking so long to establish an effective government in France? • For the next section of bellwork, read the handout: “Rule of the Directory” and answer the six questions on your bellwork paper. These will become questions 4-9. Since this is a long bellwork, you will be getting two stamps! 

2. French Government • After the Terror ended in 1794, the constitution changed again. • The Jacobins were forced out of power and the Directory was set up as the new government of France! • 1801 - The Directory appointed Napoleon Bonaparte to control France. • Napoleon was a successful military general during the French Revolution and would implement many successful laws that are still used in France today!

4. Rule of Napoleon (1804-1815) • Napoleon will not only bring an end to the revolution, but he also implemented many successful domestic and foreign policies. • Domestic – improves economy, education, law, equality, building projects, etc. • Foreign – invades Europe, expands empire, builds strong military • To learn more about Napoleon’s domestic and foreign achievements, you will read a handout and complete the graphic organizer.

5. Video: Napoleon – Steel Monster

6. BELLWORK 2/11 • Describe the outcome of Napoleon’s invasion of Italy. • Explain the outcome of Napoleon’s invasion of Austria. • Explain the outcome of Napoleon’s war with Prussia. • What was the Berlin Decree? • How did Napoleon improve the French economy? • How did Napoleon improve French education? • THINKER: In December 1804, Pope Pius VII conducted a ceremony to crown Napoleon emperor. During the ceremony, Napoleon took the crown from the pope and placed it on his own head. What do you think this symbolized? What does this tell you about Napoleon’s personality/character?

7. Senate building

8. Bastille DayJuly 14th!

9. Napoleon’s Civil Code • One of the most important reforms enacted by Napoleon was organizing the French system of law. • Prior to 1800, northern France followed Germanic laws and southern France was dominated by the old Roman law system; plus, there were still areas under feudal control. • Napoleon and his legal commission created a unified civil law code – the first in the history of France – which became official in 1804. • This code is regarded as one of Napoleon’s biggest achievements and will finally bring end to the French Revolution.

10. Napoleon’s Civil Code • As you read the Civil Code, underline/highlight or list the changes Napoleon made in: • National unity • Feudal/royal privileges • Personal freedoms • Property (land ownership) • Marriage • Divorce

11. Reign of Napoleon Bonaparte • Regarded as one of the greatest military generals of all time • Emperor of France from 1804-1815 • Brought order to France during/after the French Revolution • Napoleonic Wars: involved every country in Europe • Peninsular Wars: France vs. Spain/GB/Portugal for control of territory • 1812: French invasion of Russia; Napoleon’s downfall • The Sixth Coalition (Austria, Prussia, Russia, UK, Portugal, Sweden, Spain, Germany) defeat Napoleon and exile him to Elba. • Less than a year later, he escaped exile, returned to power, but was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815. • Napoleon spent the last six years of his life in confinement by the British on the island of St. Helena. • An autopsy concluded he died of stomach cancer, but some historians believe it was arsenic poisoning. • Inspired psychologists to adopt the Napoleon Complex: when short people adopt over-aggressive behavior to compensate for lack of height

12. La Grande Armée

13. Napoleon’s second wife, Marie-Louise, with their child, Napoleon II Napoleon’s first wife, Josephine, Empress of France

14. Napoleon’s exile on St. Helena IslandLongwood House: his residence during exile

16. Napoleon’s Legacy • Stopped the French Revolution • Spread ideas of equality before the law • Religious toleration • Advancement by merit rather than birth • Reformed tax system • Promoted education • Improved agriculture and industry

17. French Revolution CAUSE & EFFECT • To summarize everything that happened in the French Revolution, you are going to create a cause & effect chart. • Make sure to name AND describe each event. • This is a great form of review!!!

18. Review Timeline • Now that we have finished the French Revolution, you are going to create a timeline for review. • It will encompass the main events within the Revolution. • You may use your notes and book • Each event needs to be in chronological order and include a date and sentence of description. • This is review – next week is the test! • What you do not finish, will be homework!

19. Louis XIV comes to power Dec. of Rights of Man & Citizen Reign of Terror Napoleon takes over Louis’ execution Directory comes to power Estates-General meeting Republic implemented Tennis Court Oath Implementation of Napoleon’s Civil Code Timeline Events*disclaimer: these are NOT in the correct order!*

20. Human Planet • Documentary series that highlights the challenging relationship between humans and nature. • Humans are the most successful species on the planet. People have found remarkable ways to adapt and survive in the harshest places imaginable. • This way of life developed over time. People have been able to do this by learning to live with and utilize the other creatures they share this earth with. • Today we will learn more about the practices and culture that humans developed in the Arctic.

21. Ilulissat, Greenland. Each year, the residents here endure 54 days of darkness beginning in November. During this time, they try to live their lives as normal. They continue to hunt and fish. Adults go to work. Children go to school. But it's all under the cover of darkness. As the dark days drag on, everybody yearns for the sun to come back. Finally in mid-January, they get their wish.

22. A fisherman in Ilulissat, Greenland, faces the rising sun after 54 days of darkness. Ilulissat is situated at the mouth of a 25-mile ice fjord filled with enormous icebergs. Most of the icebergs are produced by a single glacier: Sermeq Kujalleq, one of the fastest and most active glaciers in the world. Sermeq Kujalleq produces more icebergs than any other glacier outside of Antarctica.

23. Amos Jensen, an Inuit hunter from Saattut, Greenland, tends to his sled dogs. The dogs are essential — they will help the Amos travel across the thousands of miles of sea ice that leads to his hunting grounds, Without the sled dogs, Amos and his family would starve. Says Amos, "My dogs are very important to me. A hunter's survival depends on well-fed dogs

24. Lukasi Nappaaluk stands on the ocean floor beneath an unstable roof of shifting sea ice, which could collapse at any moment. This spectacular but dangerous opportunity to gather mussels, an important winter food, is only available during the spring equinox which brings the most extreme tides of the year. She has only minutes before the temporary chamber is flooded by the returning tides. Many Inuits have died gathering mussels here.

25. Thule Inuit from Northern Greenland with a fresh narwhal carcass — a critical food source in this part of the Arctic. Vitamin C is extremely rare in the Arctic, but the narwhal's skin (called "magtaaq") has almost as much vitamin C as oranges. Without it, it's unlikely the Inuit would be able to survive here

26. GRAFFITIBOARD • All students will be broken up into groups and given a specific component of Napoleon’s life to write about from the reading. • You will take all your knowledge on that part and transfer it onto the graffiti board. • On the graffiti board you should write facts, draw pictures, sketch important concepts or reiterate ideas about your Napoleon reading. • It is your blank canvas, do whatever you like. It should be a free expression of your knowledge. BE CREATIVE! • After your graffiti board is finished, you will present to the class. Make sure you are knowledgeable on your reading – you will teach it to the class!

27. Napoleon Group Assignments • The Rise of Napoleon (personal background) • Creating an Empire • Napoleon’s Domestic Policies • Napoleon’s Civil Code • How did France change under Napoleon?

28. This is a strategy used to categorize important events/people/items into specific sectors. It will help you memorize and brainstorm items from each topic. This will be GREAT review! Carousel Brainstorming

29. Carousel Brainstorming • How it works: • You will be divided into 6 teams. • Each team is given a specific color • Everyone will go to the board and start in one station. • At this station, you will write and describe anything you know about the topic. • At the end of a minute, you will rotate stations, while keeping your own color. • Everyone in your group must write at one station

30. Brainstorming Topics • Problems in France • Estates • National Assembly • Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette • Reign of Terror • Napoleon

31. How did France change under Napoleon? • Napoleon positively changed French government and society. • As we read, be ready to answer the following questions: • How was education set up under Napoleon? • Compare the government under the King to the new government under Napoleon. • What was the Code of Napoleon? • What were some individual freedoms Napoleon granted to the citizens of France? • What changed within the Catholic Church?