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Chapter 95

Chapter 95. Antiseptics and Disinfectants. Terminology. Antiseptic Applied to living tissue Disinfectant Applied to objects Too harsh for living tissue Applied most frequently to instruments and facilities. Terminology. Sterilization Complete destruction of all microorganisms

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Chapter 95

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  1. Chapter 95 Antiseptics and Disinfectants

  2. Terminology • Antiseptic • Applied to living tissue • Disinfectant • Applied to objects • Too harsh for living tissue • Applied most frequently to instruments and facilities

  3. Terminology • Sterilization • Complete destruction of all microorganisms • Sanitization • Contamination has been reduced • Germicide • Decreases growth and replication but does not kill germs

  4. Ideal Antiseptic • Safe • Effective • Selective • Germicidal • Broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity

  5. Time Course of Action • Toxicity to organisms determined by duration of exposure to the antiseptic/disinfectant • Ethanol 70% reduces bacterial count by 50% in 36 seconds. • Benzalkonium chloride requires 7 minutes for the same effect.

  6. Antiseptics to Treat Established Local Infection • Topical agents were used in the past. • Systemic anti-infective drugs are now the treatment of choice. • More effective than topical • Don’t damage inflamed/abraded tissue

  7. Most Effective Use of Antiseptics and Disinfectants • Antiseptics applied directly to the patient contribute relatively little prophylaxis against infection (except neutropenic). • Study found most post-op infections are caused by organisms not present at incision site. • Use of antiseptics by nurses, physicians, and those who contact the patient offers much greater protection.

  8. Common Antiseptics and Disinfectants • Alcohol – ethanol • Aldehydes – glutaral (Cidex) • Iodine compounds • Chlorine compounds – oxychlorosene sodium • Phenols • Hexachlorophene

  9. Common Antiseptics and Disinfectants • Chlorhexidine • Hydrogen peroxide • Thimerosal • Benzalkonium chloride

  10. Hand Hygiene for Healthcare Workers • Effective hygiene – single most important factor in preventing the spread of infection in healthcare settings • 2 million hospital-acquired infections per year • CDC recommends alcohol-based handrubs for routine hand antisepsis • Accessibility • Time savings • Lessened skin damage • Greater efficacy

  11. Hand Hygiene for Healthcare Workers • Specific CDC hand-hygiene recommendations • Categories IA, IB, IC, II, and no recommendation/unresolved issue • Indications for hand washing and antisepsis • Hand-hygiene technique • Surgical hand antisepsis • Other aspects of hand hygiene • Administrative measures regarding hand hygiene

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