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Mutations

Mutations. What is a mutation?. A mutation is a change in genetic material Two kinds of mutations: Gene mutations Chromosomal mutations. Gene Mutations. Produce changes in a single gene Point mutation – changes in one or a few nucleotides Deletion Addition Substitution.

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Mutations

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  1. Mutations

  2. What is a mutation? • A mutation is a change in genetic material • Two kinds of mutations: • Gene mutations • Chromosomal mutations

  3. Gene Mutations • Produce changes in a single gene • Point mutation – changes in one or a few nucleotides • Deletion • Addition • Substitution

  4. Mutations Practice • ATACGTCAAGAC • ATACGCAAGAC • ATACGTCAAGAC • ATACGTACAAGAC • ATACGTCAAGAC • ATACGCCAAGAC Deletion Insertion Substitution

  5. Changes caused by mutations • ATAACCCAAATC • UAU UGG GUU CUG • Tryosine- Tryptophan – Valine • ATUACGCAAATC • UAU UGC GUU CUG • Tyrosine – Cysteine -Valine

  6. Frameshift Mutation • Shifts the reading frame of the genetic message • ATAACCCAAATC • ATAACCAAATG

  7. Chromosomal Mutations • Changes in the structure of a chromosome

  8. Gene Regulation • Only some genes need to be expressed at any given time. • Some genes are transcribed while others remain silent. • How are genes turned “on” or “off”?

  9. Operon • Operon • Cluster of genes • Found in prokaryotes

  10. Eukaryotic Gene Regulation • TATA box • Short region of DNA • Found before the gene • Helps position RNA polymerase before transcription

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