Temperature T and Energy 1. The hotter an object is, the faster its atoms move.

2. Temperature T and Energy • 1. The hotter an object is, the faster its atoms move. • The atoms have a lot of kinetic energy KE. • KE is motion energy. • High T  atoms move fast  more KE • Low T  atoms move slow  less KE • 2. The lowest possible T is absolute zero. •  Atoms move slowest possible.

4. Heat is the energy that flows because • of a difference in T. • Heat flows from hot to cold objects • As heat flows out of B, its atoms lose energy • As heat flows into A, its atoms gain energy. A B 50 C 150 C heat

5. An Irishman with heart problems who nearly died when he was 9 years old. A Swedish astronomer who originally put the boiling point of water at 0 and freezing at 100 A Polish-Lithuanian who invented the mercury and alcohol thermometers. William Thomson, aka Lord Kelvin Anders Celsius Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit

6. Temperature scales: • lowest water water • T freezes boils • Fahrenheit, 0F -460 32 212 • Celsius, 0C -273 0 100 • Kelvin, K 0 273 373 • Note: 1. 1000 between freeze and boil in C and K. • 2. Kelvin is always > 0.

7. Whose degrees are smallest?

9. Converting units. • F = 1.8*C + 32 K = C + 273 • C = 0.56( F – 32) C = K – 273 • Ex. Convert 580 C to F and K: F = 1.8*C + 32 = 1.8(58) + 32 = 104 + 32 = 136 0F K = C + 273 = 58 + 273 = 331 K

10. El Azizia (translation: “burns like fire”), Libya 580 C! = 1360 F

11. Ex. Convert 184 K to C and F: F = 1.8*C + 32 =1.8*(-89) + 32 = -160.2 + 32 = - 128.2 0F C = K – 273 = 184 - 273 = -89 0C

12. Another beautiful day at Volstok Station: 184 K!!! = -128 0F!!!