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Classical Chinese Civilization

Classical Chinese Civilization. Ch. Two AP World History Ms. Tully. First…let’s learn a song. To the tune of Frere Jacques… Shang, Zhou (“Joe”), Qin (“chin”), Han Shang, Zhou (“Joe”), Qin (“chin”), Han Sui (“ swee ”), Tang, Song Sui (“ swee ”), Tang, Song

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Classical Chinese Civilization

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  1. Classical Chinese Civilization Ch. Two AP World History Ms. Tully

  2. First…let’s learn a song. To the tune of Frere Jacques… • Shang, Zhou (“Joe”), Qin (“chin”), Han • Shang, Zhou (“Joe”), Qin (“chin”), Han • Sui (“swee”), Tang, Song • Sui (“swee”), Tang, Song • Yuan, Ming, Qing (“ching”), Republic • Yuan, Ming, Qing (“ching”), Republic • Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong

  3. I. Politics in Classical China

  4. Patterns in Classical China • Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han • Isolated • Dynasty  family of kings • Cyclical nature of dynasties

  5. Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BCE) First documented rule in China after Xia dynasty

  6. Zhou Dynasty (1029 – 258 BCE) • Did not establish powerful government • Alliance system (feudalism) • Extended Chinese territory, First use of iron • The “Mandate of Heaven” • Cultural & linguistic unity • Disintegrated during “Era of the Warring States” (402 – 201 BCE)

  7. The Qin Dynasty (221 – 201 BCE) • Qin Shi Huangdi – The “First Emperor” • Ended feudal tradition of Zhou • Expansion & the Great Wall • National census

  8. The Qin Dynasty (221 – 201 BCE) • Standardization of coinage, weights, and measures • Standardization of written script • Promoted agriculture & manufacturing • Legalist Philosophy • Short-lived, unpopular

  9. The Han Dynasty (201 BCE – 220 CE) • Completed basic political & intellectual structure of China • Extended Chinese territory  new contacts • Expansion of bureaucracy  civil service examination • Wu Ti (140 – 87 BCE) • Period of decline

  10. Political Patterns in China • Largest political system in classical world • Patriarchal family structure & ancestor worship • Classical model of centralized gov’t • Creation of large, highly-skilled bureaucracy • Not highly militaristic • Promotion of intellectual life • Economic activity & standardization • Cultural deference to gov’t authority

  11. II. Belief Systems of Classical China

  12. Confucianism • Chinese ethical and philosophical system based on relationships & personal virtue • Est. by Kong Fuzi (551 – 478 BCE)  Confucius • Reverence for tradition & respect for superiors • Emphasis on virtuous behavior • Valued education & history • The Analects

  13. Legalism • Popular during Qin & early Han  authoritarianism • Credited to Han Fei during Warring States Era • Believed human nature was evil • Strict system of laws & punishments • Harsh rule of Shi Huangdi discredited Legalism

  14. Daoism • Founded by Lao Tzu (5th Cen. BCE) • More spiritual alternative to Confucianism • Promoted set of ethics • The Dao governs everything • Encouraged people to withdraw from social life • Greater appeal to common people

  15. Each of these philosophies came about during the Era of Warring States. How did each of them try to address the problem of disorder in classical China?

  16. III. Economy & Society in Classical China

  17. Literature, Art, and Science • The Five Classics – basis of literary tradition • Learn & recite poetry = educated • Reinforced Confucian ethics in Chinese culture • Decorative, detailed art & calligraphy

  18. Literature, Art, and Science • No monumental buildings • Accurate astronomy calendar by 444 BCE • Medical research & anatomy

  19. The Confucian Social System • Three main social groups • Landowning aristocracy + bureaucrats • Laboring masses • Mean people • Considerable gaps between classes • Social status inherited • Period peasant rebellions – Yellow Turban Rebellion • Inequalities justified by Confucian philosophy

  20. Trade & Technology • Trade became increasingly important • Confucian ethics looked down on merchants • Agricultural improvements • Development of iron tools & tech • Textiles & pottery • Invention of paper • Classical China reached far higher levels of technical expertise than Europe or western Asia

  21. Gender & Family Life • Family emphasize unity & patriarchy • Authority overly stressed • Patriarchy & “Three Obediences” • Filial piety • Women had clearly defined roles • Inheritance based on primogeniture • Greatly influenced by Confucianism • Yin & Yang

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